Figures (1)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1.  Crop plant phylogeny related to effect sizes of AMF inoculations on yield in field studies. Data are from references[41,46,47].

    • Effects of AMF on crops and soilsRepresentative citations
      Increased nutrient access by physically and enzymatically expanding the rhizosphere[2−5]
      Increased water use efficiency[6−8]
      Increased stress resistance to drought, salinity and phytotoxic metals[9−11]
      Increased resistance to competition from non-crops (weeds)[12−15]
      Increased soil carbon sequestration[6,16,17]
      Increased soil aggregate formation and reduced soil erosion[18,19]
      Reduced soil nutrient losses in liquid and gas phases[3,20−22]
      Reduced sensitivity to plant pathogens[23−28]
      Reduced sensitivity to herbivory[29−31]

      Table 1.  Potential effects of AMF on crop nutrition, resilience, stress tolerance, and soil properties.