Figures (1)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1.  Conservation of miRNAs in fruits. MIRNA families among 46 fruit species, most of which are included in the database repository-sRNAanno[18] with six fruit species appended based on the newly released data[19−24]. The tree diagram on the left shows the general evolutionary relationship of the fruit species. Boxes are highlighted if a MIRNA family has been identified in the fruit species via sequencing or annotated based on its genome sequence. Groups of MIRNA families are highlighted in different colors according to the degree of conservation. Fruit species lacking a MIRNA family or with uncertain identification are left blank. The bar graph on the right shows the number of miRNA loci in each fruit species.

    • Fruit traitsFruit speciesmiRNATargetmiRNA regulationTransgenic verification?References
      Development
      Fruit setTomatomiR159GAMYB1/2Positiveyes[34]
      Seed hardeningPomegranatemiR164/172NAC1/WRKY, MYCNegativeno[35]
      Seed formationTomatomiR393TIR1/AFB2Positiveyes[40]
      Seed formationGrapemiR159/160GAMYB/ARFsNegativeno[37,38]
      Ripening and senescence
      Fruit ripeningTomatomiR157SPL-CNRNegativeyes[45]
      Fruit ripeningTomatomiR172AP2aPositiveyes[42]
      Fruit ripeningTomatomiR1917CTR4Positiveyes[44]
      Fruit ripeningStrawberryFan-miR73ABI5Negativeno[46]
      Fruit ripeningKiwifruitmiR164NAC6/7Negativeyes-transient[17]
      Fruit senescenceStrawberrymiR164NACsNegativeno[47]
      External quality
      Fruit sizeTomatomiR156SPL-CNRNegativeyes[32]
      Fruit sizeTomatomiR168AGO1Positiveyes[61]
      Fruit sizeTomatomiR171GRAS24Positiveyes[27]
      Fruit sizeApplemiR172AP2Negativeyes[16]
      Fruit sizeTomatomiR396GRFsNegativeyes[59]
      Fruit sizeTomatomiR1917CTR4Negativeyes[60]
      Fruit shapeTomatomiR156SPLs/yes[12]
      Fruit shapeTomatomiR160ARF10/yes[64]
      Fruit shapeTomatomiR166REV/yes[63]
      Fruit colorTomatomiR858MYB7-likeNegativeyes[71]
      Fruit colorGrapemiR828/858MYB114Positiveno[13]
      Fruit colorApplemiR156SPL2-like/33Negativeyes-transient[77]
      Fruit colorPearmiR156SPLsPositiveno[76]
      Fruit colorKiwifruitmiR858MYBC1Negativeyes[73]
      Internal quality
      Fruit flavorStrawberrymiR399PHO2Positiveyes[14]
      Fruit flavorTomatomiR-W*glutamate permeaseNegativeno[31]
      Fruit flavorCamellia oleifera fruitmiR477acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyl transferase
      subunit alpha      		Negativeno[83]
      Fruit tastePearmiR397LACPositiveyes-transient[15]
      Fruit tasteTomatomiR156SPL-CNRPositiveyes[45]
      Stress response
      Cold toleranceBananamiR528PPOPositiveno[25]
      Heat toleranceOrangemiR156/169/171/397not reportedPositiveno[102]
      Disease resistanceStrawberrymiR5290aPIRLNegativeyes-transient[28]

      Table 1.  Representative functional miRNAs characterized in fruits.