Figures (2)  Tables (6)

    • Figure 1.  Frequency distribution (violin plot) of berry quality traits by year.

    • Figure 2.  Phenotypes as BLUP values for (a) malic acid and (b) pH assorted by alleles from markers associated with stable QTLs on LG 8 and 6. Statistical significance as determined by Tukey's HSD test (p < 0.05) has been designated with different letters.

    • LG No. of markers Inter-marker distances (cM) Length
      (cM)
      Total SSR SNP Average Maximum
      1 149 29 120 0.72 3.4 80.3
      2 109 15 94 0.78 3.4 69.1
      3 89 13 76 0.86 6.8 63.7
      4 154 29 125 0.72 4.5 79.0
      5 121 21 100 0.71 4.3 70.4
      6 164 17 147 0.67 3.8 78.7
      7 170 27 143 0.69 3.6 95.8
      8 167 24 143 0.66 3.8 84.8
      9 99 14 85 0.85 3.4 70.7
      10 99 14 85 0.75 3.6 64.2
      11 110 21 89 0.79 5.9 71.4
      12 122 14 108 0.72 3.8 66.0
      13 145 13 132 0.70 3.1 87.7
      14 171 45 126 0.62 3.8 87.0
      15 81 8 73 0.96 8.4 63.6
      16 114 17 97 0.82 4.3 74.3
      17 125 13 112 0.72 2.7 75.1
      18 167 36 131 0.72 5.4 94.5
      19 112 14 98 0.76 3.4 65.9
      Total 2,468 384 2,084 0.75 8.4 1,441.9

      Table 1.  Marker distributions of the 'Norton' × 'Cabernet Sauvignon' consensus genetic map.

    • Trait Year N1 Mean H2 (2) Minimum Median Maximum
      Tartaric acid (g/L) 18 138 5.5 0.24 1.7 4.4 16.6
      19 183 9.7 1.9 9.3 19.2
      Tannin (mg/g3) 17 131 2.3 0.46 0.36 2.1 7.7
      18 175 3.1 0.07 3.2 6.8
      pH 17 179 3.5 0.32 2.9 3.5 4.3
      18 143 3.6 3.0 3.6 4.1
      19 186 3.1 2.2 3.1 4.0
      Malic acid (g/L) 17 178 3.9 0.70 0.52 3.5 12.3
      18 138 3.4 1.3 3.2 8.5
      19 185 2.5 0.50 2.3 11.0
      1 N: Number of individuals, (2) H2: Broad sense heritability, 3 epicatechin equivalents

      Table 2.  Summary statistics and broad-sense heritability values for evaluated traits.

    • pH Malic acid Tannin Tartaric acid
      2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
      2018 0.54 ***1 0.66 *** 0.13 ns
      2019 0.52 *** 0.67 *** 0.50 *** 0.66 *** 0.23 *
      1 ***: p < 0.001, *: p < 0.05, ns: not significant

      Table 3.  Pearson correlation coefficients between years of trait evaluation.

    • TraitLGYearMax LODGW LOD thresholdPVEPeak (cM)1.5-LOD interval (cM)Physical interval (bp)
      Tartaric acid 1 2019 7.0 5.2 12.3 43.0 41.5−44.6 8335044−9738524
      6 2019 5.2 5.2 8.8 39.1 30.6−41.5 6679935−7615750
      7 2019 6.9 5.2 12.1 36.7 35.8−37.3 8215450−9475359
      9 2018 7.0 5.9 14.1 5.2 5.0−6.1 198079−460535
      17 2018 7.1 5.9 14.3 56.8 56.4−56.8 9295617−10144592
      Tannin 2 2018 5.8 5.5 24.7 54.6 36.5−54.6 6360230−15748193
      pH 4 2019 9.0 5.3 21.6 53.4 51.8−56.4 16450987−18940320
      6 2017 5.1 5.1 16.2 2.8 2.8−43.9 141387−11607560
      2018 7.0 5.4 19.2 46.0 44.0−46.0 14849083−15724160
      2019 6.6 5.3 20.2 49.4 43.4−54.0 8139288−16573962
      8 2018 5.9 5.4 13.0 32.8 32.0−33.2 8553958−10498296
      Malic acid 8 2017 9.0 5.2 19.6 30.5 30.2−36.0 9992297−11975066
      2018 7.3 5.3 20.1 32.8 14.0−39.6 2400696−11975066
      2019 7.6 5.1 13.4 31.2 30.6−31.2 9992297−10385236
      14 2019 6.8 5.1 13.7 7.9 6.4−8.2 1426689−1955725
      18 2019 5.9 5.1 9.5 21.2 21.2−21.8 4020114−4997180

      Table 4.  Summary of QTLs for wine grape juice components in 'Norton' × 'Cabernet Sauvignon' F1 population.

    • Trait LG Marker Allele Effect size Parental genotype Physical position (bp)
      'Norton' 'Cab Sauv'
      Tartaric acid 1 1_8118509 T 1.5 *1 AT AA 8118509
      VVIP60 332 −2.4 *** 310/332 307/315 8803413
      VMC7g5 167 2.3 *** 157/167 171/186 9804330
      6 VMC2G2 131 −1.3 * 128 127/131 5819478
      6_6679935 A −1.6 ** GG AG 6679935
      VMC2F10 105 1.5 * 95/114 95/105 7615750
      7 ctg9481 403 −0.40 ns 394/397 394/403 7446186
      VMC1A2 149 0.52 ns 108/217 108/149 8230151
      7_16971155 A −1.2 − GG AG 16971155
      9 9_240934 T −0.30 ns GT GG 240934
      FAM26 301 1.0 − 295/301 295/303 461325
      17 17_9295617 C 0.62 ns CT TT 9295617
      17_9884306 C 1.7 ** AC AA 9884306
      17_10144592 C −1.1 − AC AA 10144592
      Tannin 2 VVIO55 148 −0.81 *** 144 144/148 5523290
      2_6360230 C 0.81 ** CT TT 6360230
      FAM24 266 0.84 *** 266/270 270/277 13396269
      FAM24 277 0.77 *** 266/270 270/277 13396269
      VMC8C2 196 0.80 *** 148/196 148/150 17514943
      VMC8C2 150 0.80 *** 148/196 148/150 17514943
      pH 4 VVIN75 194 0.20 *** 196/212 188/194 14823485
      VMC2E10 59 0.25 *** 53/55 57/59 17456655
      VVIP77 191 0.21 *** 180/186 186/191 19317923
      62 6_9366152 A 0.09 ** GG AG 9366152
      6_12192456 T −0.11 *** CC CT 12192456
      VVS5 128 0.10 *** 113/NULL 104/128 12956677
      6_13625084 C 0.14 *** GG CG 13625084
      6_14347587 T 0.12 *** CC CT 14347587
      VMC4G6 130 0.12 *** 124/140 124/130 15179752
      8 8_7718022 T 0.03 ns CC CT 7718022
      VMC7H2 135 0.07 − 125/132 122/135 10149243
      8_10699999 T −0.03 ns CC CT 10699999
      Malic acid 82 VVS4 183 0.74 *** 169/183 169/176 9992297
      VMC7H2 125 0.68 *** 125/132 122/135 10149243
      8_10159975 T 0.69 *** CT CC 10159975
      8_10222803 G 0.53 ** AG AA 10222803
      FAM16 326 0.67 *** 326/329 329/329 10384476
      14 VVC62 204 0.65 ** 184/188 184/204 1426689
      14_1714481 A 0.60 ** CC AC 1714481
      14_2083206 A 0.51 * GG AG 2083206
      18 18_4020114 T 0.42 * AT AA 4020114
      18_4607745 G 0.54 * CG CC 4607745
      VMCNg1b9 151 0.22 ns 151/160 160/160 5645610
      1 ***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05, −: p < 0.10, ns: not significant, 2 QTL effects were calculated using BLUP values in place of single year data.

      Table 5.  Allele effects and parental genotypes of markers associated with berry acid and tannin QTL.

    • YearMarker typePopulation sizeNumber of markersMap size (cM)Average distance between loci (cM)Number of gaps >10 cM
      2017SSR1834131,678.64.126
      2019SSR, SNP1592,0722,203.51.14
      2020SSR, SNP2232,4681,441.90.750

      Table 6.  Comparison between the previously published and current genetic map constructed for the 'Norton' × 'Cabernet Sauvignon' F1 population