Identification and evaluation of enzymatic ability of fungal endophytes from <i>Citrofortunella microcarpa</i> (Bunge) Wijnands

Figures (4) Tables (4)

Figure 1. Clear zone produced by different fungal endophytes on amylase activity isolated from C. microcarpa. A Colletotrichum fructicola. B Lasiodiplodia theobromae. C Nodulisporium indicum. D Phyllosticta capitalensis. E Colletotrichum siamense. F Nigrospora oryzae. G Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. H unidentified species. I Fusarium oxysporum. J Nigrospora rubi. K Phomopsis azadirachtae.
Figure 2. Clear zone produced by different fungal endophytes on cellulase activity isolated from Citrofortunella microcarp. A Nigrospora oryzae. B unidentified Pleosporales. C Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. D Lasiodiplodia theobromae.
Figure 3. Clear zone produced by an unidentified Pleosporales on protease activity.
Figure 4. Color change produced by fungal endophytes on laccase activity. A Fusarium oxysporum. B Phomopsis azadirachtae.

Isolate No.	Facesoffungii Number	Species	E value	Identity	Gen Bank Accession No.
LF01	FoF 06767	Colletotrichum fructicola	0.00	99.79 %	MK041513
LF02	FoF 03824	Fusarium oxysporum	0.00	98.13 %	MG543712
STM01	FoF 00167	Lasiodiplodia theobromae	0.00	99.02 %	KF814723
STM02	FoF 10588	Nodulisporium indicum	0.00	99.36 %	KJB26516
STM03	FoF 10589	Phomopsis azadirachtae	0.00	98.31 %	KR056296
STM05	FoF 06888	Phyllosticta capitalensis	0.00	99.64 %	MF153383
STM06	FoF10590	Unidentified species	0.00	95.83 %	HM751829
STM/LF01	FoF 03599	Colletotrichum siamense	0.00	99.57 %	MK569274
STM/LF02	FoF 06596	Nigrospora oryzae	0.00	99.58 %	KU360637
STM/LF03	FoF 06598	Nigrospora rubi	0.00	99.38 %	KX985948
STM/LF04	FoF 09424	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	0.00	99.79 %	KP900290
LF = Isolated from leaf, STM = Isolated from stem

Table 1. Identities of the cultured fungi based on BLAST search with NCBI Genbank accessions and Facesoffungi numbers

Fungal endophytes	Amylase
Fungal endophytes	Diameter of clear zone (mm)	Colony diameter (mm)	Enzymatic index (EI)
Nodulisporium indicum	85.00^a	85.00	1.00^d
Fusarium oxysporum	85.00^a	85.00	1.00^d
Lasiodiplodia theobromae	85.00^a	85.00	1.00^d
Nigrospora rubi	85.00^a	85.00	1.00^d
Colletotrichum siamense	85.00^a	85.00	1.00^d
Phomopsis azadirachtae	83.47^a	83.47	1.00^d
Colletotrichum fructicola	75.88^b	75.96	0.99^e
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	65.80^c	65.80	1.00^d
Nigrospora oryzae	44.10^d	27.63	1.60^c
Unidentified species	40.90^e	20.53	1.99^b
Phyllosticta capitalensis	23.50^f	6.00	3.75^a
Values represent the mean measurements of the clear zones indicating amylase activity produced by the fungal endophytes from Citrofortunella microcarpa. Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using DMRT ***EI greater than 2.00 has high rate of enzyme production

Table 2. Amylase activity of different fungal endophytes after seven days of incubation

Fungal endophytes	Cellulase
Fungal endophytes	Diameter of clear zone (mm)	Colony diameter (mm)	Enzymatic index (EI)
Nigrospora oryzae	80.0^a	75.60	1.06^c
Lasiodiplodia theobromae	78.4^b	74.20	1.06^c
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	74.9^c	61.20	1.22^b
Unidentified species	25.2^d	12.70	2.02^a
Values represent the mean measurements of the clear zones indicating cellulase activity produced by the fungal endophytes from Citrofortunella microcarpa. Means with the same letter superscript are not significantly different at 5% level of significance using DMRT ***EI greater than 2.00 has high rate of enzyme production

Table 3. Cellulase activity of different fungal endophytes after seven days of incubation.

Fungal endophytes	Laccase
Colletotrichum fructicola	-
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	-
Colletotrichum siamense	-
Fusarium oxysporum	+
Lasiodiplodia theobromae	-
Nigrospora oryzae	-
Nigrospora rubi	-
Nodulisporium indicum	-
Phomopsis azadirachtae	+
Phyllosticta capitalensis	-
Unidentified species	-
(+) presence of color change, (-) absence of color change

Table 4. Laccase activity of different isolated fungal endophytes after seven days of incubation