Figures (5)  Tables (6)
    • Figure 1. 

      Geographical distribution of Hunan tea plant accessions used in this study. The geographical locations were indicated under the corresponding regions, followed by the abbreviated population name.

    • Figure 2. 

      Calculation of CV errors for K values from 1 to 5.

    • Figure 3. 

      Analysis of population structure by ADMIXTURE. The x-axis indicates different research materials and the y-axis shows membership probability belonging to different populations.

    • Figure 4. 

      PCA plot of the 110 samples based on the top three principal components with different colors representing the populations, which were divided into three groups by the range of circles with 95% confidence level.

    • Figure 5. 

      Phylogenetic tree of the 110 samples with three different colors indicating three groups obtained from the ADMIXTURE analysis result.

    • PopulationHHoPICMAF
      MeanRangeMeanRangeMeanRangeMeanRange
      Seven population accessions
      YN0.160.08−0.500.160.11−0.250.140.11−0.380.110.08−0.50
      RC0.180.07−0.500.200.15−0.220.150.09−0.380.120.09−0.50
      CB0.200.10−0.500.210.18−0.240.170.12−0.380.120.08−0.50
      MS0.200.10−0.520.220.17−0.250.160.07−0.380.130.10−0.50
      JH0.200.11−0.530.220.18−0.250.170.09−0.380.130.10−0.50
      AN0.200.10−0.500.230.17−0.280.170.12−0.380.130.11−0.50
      HJ0.220.12−0.540.240.20−0.310.160.10−0.380.140.12−0.50
      Three groups based on Mega and ADMIXTURE
      I0.150.10−0.500.150.11−0.250.120.05−0.380.100.07−0.50
      II0.210.17−0.500.210.15−0.280.180.10−0.380.130.08−0.50
      III0.210.16−0.500.220.17−0.310.170.09−0.380.140.09−0.50

      Table 1. 

      H, Ho, PIC and MAF values among seven tea plant populations and three inferred groups.

    • PopulationYNRCCBMSJHANHJ
      YN0.1620.1330.1650.1540.1700.221
      RC0.0350.0760.1020.0830.0880.145
      CB0.0430.0420.0760.0580.0520.114
      MS0.0510.0430.0310.0700.1280.185
      JH0.0460.0370.0380.0380.0770.136
      AN0.0460.0380.0350.0440.0380.078
      HJ0.0460.0520.0440.0590.0530.035
      Notes: Above diagonal Fst; below diagonal: Nei's genetic distance.

      Table 2. 

      Matrix of pairwise Nei's genetic distance and Fst among the seven populations.

    • Source of variationDegree of freedomSum of squareMean of squareComponents of covariance
      Sigma%
      Seven populationsaccessions
      Between population617,773.892,962.31147.6418.62
      Within population10366,455.06645.19645.1981.38
      Total21984,228.95772.74792.84100.00
      Three groups based on Mega and ADMIXTURE
      Between groups211,758.905,879.45161.2819.23
      Within groups10772,470.05677.29677.2980.77
      Total10984,228.95772.74838.57100.00

      Table 3. 

      AMOVA of the whole population.

    • PopulationCore collection
      YNYN2, YN9
      RCRC11, RC14, RC16
      CBCB1, CB6, CB8, CB9, CB11
      MSMS4, MS5, MS14, MS17
      JHJH9, JH16
      ANAN1, AN2, AN5, AN11, AN12
      HJHJ1

      Table 4. 

      The core collection.

    • GermplasmHHoPICMAF
      MeanRangeMeanRangeMeanRangeMeanRange
      Entire germplasm0.220.06−0.500.210.13−0.310.190.05−0.380.140.03−0.50
      Core germplasm set0.210.00−0.500.200.11−0.280.180.00−0.380.130.00−0.50

      Table 5. 

      Genetic parameters of the core collection and the whole germplasm.

    • Source of variationDegree of freedomSum of squareMean of squareComponents of covarianceP-value
      Sigma%
      Between germplasm1660.86660.86−3.21−0.420.85
      Within germplasm10883,568.10773.78773.78100.41
      Total11084,228.95772.74770.57100.00

      Table 6. 

      The AMOVA results among the core germplasm and non-core germplasm.