Effect of the addition of beeswax on the gel properties and microstructure of white mushroom powder-based hybrid gelator system for 3D food printing

Figures (7) Tables (1)

Figure 1.
(a) 3D printer appearance, (b) main parts, (c, d) the virtual model used during printing experiments.
Figure 2.
Gel strength of 3D printed compound products at six beeswax levels (0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, w/w). a−f: values with different lowercase letters indicated significant difference (p < 0.05).
Figure 3.
Printing quality of 3D printed compound products at two beeswax level (a, b: 0; c, d: 3%, w/w).
Figure 4.
Rheological behavior (a: apparent viscosity; b: G', c: G'') of inks at six beeswax levels (0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, w/w).
Figure 5.
X-ray diffractograms of inks at six beeswax levels (0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, w/w).
Figure 6.
TGA results of the thermal decomposition and its derivative (DTG) of inks at six beeswax levels (0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, w/w).
Figure 7.
SEM images of inks at 800x magnification with six beeswax levels (a−f: 0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, w/w)

Beeswax (%, w/w)	Actual height after 30 min (mm)	Accuracy (%)
0	17.45 ± 0.32^b	87.25 ± 2.60^b
1	19.32 ± 0.11^d	96.60 ± 1.15^d
3	19.67 ± 0.09^d	98.35 ± 1.60^d
5	18.59 ± 0.26^c	92.95 ± 3.10^c
7	16.26 ± 0.47^a	81.30 ± 4.40^a
9	NI	NI
Different lowercase letters in the same column indicated significant differences (p < 0.05). NI, no information.

Table 1.

Accuracy of the 3D printed compound products at six beeswax levels (0, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, w/w). The model set height was 20 mm.