Figures (3)  Tables (1)
    • Figure 1. 

      Schematic representation of the biosynthesis of catechins regulated by ncRNAs in tea plants. The miRNA, circRNA, transcription factor gene, structural gene, and phytohormone are marked in the orange triangles, yellow ovals, light blue ovals, light green boxes, and dark blue ovals, respectively. The solid line with the arrow indicates direct regulation; the dashed line with the arrow is supported by less experimental evidence or prediction results; the black and red T-shaped lines represent negative and positive regulation, respectively; the black dashed T-shaped line is supported by less experimental evidence or prediction results. The miRNA-target pairs shown in the figure have been verified to have regulatory relationships.

    • Figure 2. 

      Schematic representation of the biosynthesis of caffeine and theanine regulated by ncRNAs in tea plants. The miRNA, transcription factor gene, structural gene, and phytohormone are marked by the orange triangle, light blue oval, light green boxes, and dark blue ovals, respectively. The solid line with the arrow indicates direct regulation; the dashed line with the arrow is supported by less experimental evidence or prediction results; and the black T-shaped line represents negative regulation. The miRNA-target pairs shown in the figure have been verified to have regulatory relationships.

    • Figure 3. 

      Schematic representation of the biosynthesis of (a) JA/MeJA and (b) volatile terpenoids in tea plants. The miRNA, circRNA, lncRNA, transcription factor gene, structural gene, and phytohormone are marked in the orange triangles, yellow ovals, green ovals, light blue ovals, light green boxes, and dark blue ovals, respectively. The solid line with the arrow indicates direct regulation; the dashed line with the arrow is supported by less experimental evidence or prediction results; the black T-shaped line indicates negative regulation; the black dashed T-shaped line is supported by less experimental evidence or prediction results. The miRNA-target pairs shown in the figure have been verified to have regulatory relationships.

    • miRNA famliymiRNA nameTargetActionVerification methodsBiology functionsReference
      miR156miR156fSPL-3 (Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRColletotrichum gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      miR156iSBP (S-RNase binding protein)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      miR156SBP3Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blot/co-transformation in tobacco leavesRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR156f-3pSBP; AP2/ERF (Ethylene-
      responsive transcription factors)
      Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[65]
      miR156SPLCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[67]
      miR156g-3pF3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACERegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR159miR159aGAMYBCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRThe transformation of plant development stages[34]
      miR160miR160a-5pARF17 (Auxin responsive factor17)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRAbiotic stresses response[45]
      miR160cARFCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[47]
      miR160kDirigentCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      miR164miR164aNAC100 (NAC domain transcription factors100)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of leaf development[45]
      miR164aNACCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[47]
      miR164aNAC-17Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      miR164aNACCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR166miR166HD-ZIP III (Homeodomain-
      leucine zipperIII)
      Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRDrought stress response[69]
      miR166aHD-ZIP4Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR166d-5p_1ABCC1-2 (ABC transctipters)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid[61]
      miR166d-5p_1ABCG2Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[61]
      miR167miR167aCHL (Chalcone isomerase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of flavonoid biosynthesis[44]
      miR167aARF6Cleavage5’RLM-RACERegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[44]
      miR167aARF8Cleavage5’RLM-RACERegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[44]
      miR167ARFCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[34]
      miR167d_1ARFCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; miRNA-agomir/antagomirRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and terpenoids[61]
      miR167d_1GH3 (Flavanone 3-hydroxylase)CleavageqRT-PCR; miRNA-agomir/antagomirRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and terpenoids[61]
      miR167dARFCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR169miR169eNFY (Nuclear transcription
      factor Y)
      Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[47]
      miR169d-5p_1ACX (acyl-CoA oxidase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA and terpenoids[70]
      miR169aNF-YA (Nuclear
      factor Y)
      Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of theanine and caffeine[62]
      miR171miR171b-3pCRE1 (cytokinin receptor 1)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and terpenoids[61]
      miR171b-3p_2DELLA1 (DELLA protein1)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; miRNA-agomir/antagomirRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and terpenoids[61]
      miR172miR172kERF_RAP2-7Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      miR172g-3pMYC2Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[61]
      miR319miR319cTPC (TCP family transcription factor)Cleavage5’RLM-RACEC. gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      miR395miR395eAPS (Aspartic proteases)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      miR396miR396b-5pGRF-1Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      miR396b-5PF3HCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid[61]
      miR396GRFCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[34]
      miR396dGRF1Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR396dGRF4Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blot; co-transformationRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR396dGRF13Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR397miR397LAC17 (Laccase17)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      miR398miR398a-3p-1CSD4 (Cu/Zn-Superoxide dismutases4)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRCold stress response[66]
      miR408miR408-3p_2ss18GT19GTSTK1 (Ser/Thr-protein Kinse)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[47]
      miR447miR447g-p5PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      miR529miR529dCHI (chalcone isomerase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE;Regulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR530miR530bERF96Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blot/co-transformationInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      miR530aDHBPCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      miR828miR828WERCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of plant development[45]
      miR828aMYB (MYB domain protein)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[65]
      miR828aMYB75Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[47]
      miR845miR845ABCC1-3Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR/miRNA-agomir/antagomirRegulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and terpenoids[61]
      miR845ABCC2CleavageqRT-PCR; miRNA-agomir/antagomirInhibite flavonoid biosynthesis but enhance terpenoid biosynthesis[61]
      miR858miR858aMYB12Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of polyphenols[45]
      miR858b_R-3MYBCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[65]
      miR858bMYBCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[65]
      miR858aR2R3-MYBCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[59]
      858b_R-3MYB114Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides immune response[47]
      miR2593miR2593eANR (Anthocyanidinreductase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[44]
      miR2868miR2868LAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR3444miR3444bDFR (Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[44]
      miR3630miR3630-3p_L-3pMYCCleavageqRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[65]
      miR4380miR4380aDFRCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR5240miR5240DFRCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR5251miR5251C4HCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR5559miR5559-5pANR1; ANR2Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR5564miR5564ANR2Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR7777miR7777-5pC4HCleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[62]
      miR7814miR7814CHS1 (chalcone synthase1)Cleavage5’RLM-RACERegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR7814CHS3Cleavage5’RLM-RACERegulation of the biosynthesis of catechins[68]
      miR8757miR8757fPPO (Polyphenol oxidase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      novel miRNAmiRn211TLP (thaumatin-like protein)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCR; northern blot; co-transformationInfection of Pestalotiopsis-like species response[60]
      PC-5p-80764_22WRKY (WRKY transcription
      factor)
      Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRC. gloeosporioides and abiotic stresses response[47]
      PC-3p-81-33418AP2/ERFCleavageqRT-PCR; northern blotRegulation of the biosynthesis of terpenoids[65]
      novel_miR44LOX (Lipoxygenase)Cleavage5’RLM-RACE; qRT-PCRRegulation of the biosynthesis of JA/MeJA and terpenoids[70]

      Table 1. 

      Summary of validated miRNA-target pairs in tea plant.