Antibacterial activity of <i>Leptogium cochleatum</i> and <i>Leptogium moluccanum</i>

Figures (2) Tables (2)

Figure 1.
The morpho-anatomical structures of Leptogium cochleatum (left) and Leptogium moluccanum (right).
Figure 2.
Antibacterial activity of the lichen crude extracts against the test organisms based on the zone of inhibition (ZOI) standards by Guevara^[21].

Spray reagent	Positive result	L. cochleatum			L. moluccanum			Compounds present
Spray reagent	Positive result	Hexane	DCM	Methanol	Hexane	DCM	Methanol	Compounds present
A	Blue	+	+	+	+	+	+	Phenols, tannins, flavonoids
B	Brown-orange	−	+	+	+	+	+	Alkaloids
C	Blur to red-violet	−	−	−	−	−	−	Cardenolides
D	Orange, Yellow, Blue	−	−	−	−	−	+(2)	Antraquinones (1), anthrones (2), coumarines (3)
E	Orange-violet	−	−	−	−	−	−	Anthraquinones
F	Blue violet	−	−	−	−	−	−	Indoles
G	Blue violet	+	+	+	+	−	−	Triterpenes, sterols
H	Blue	−	−	−	−	−	−	Sugars
The spray reagents used include A, potassium ferricyanide-ferric chloride; B, Dragendorff’s reagent; C, Kedde reagent; D, Bornträger reagent; E, magnesium acetate in methanol; F, Van-Urk-Salkowski test; G, vanillin-sulfuric acid; and H, α-Naphthol-sulfuric acid.

Table 1.

Thin-layer chromatography analysis of L. cochleatum and L. moluccanum in solvent system.

	CP	TC	L. cochleatum			L. moluccanum
	CP	TC	Haxane	DCM	Methanol	Hexane	DCM	Methanol
K. pneumoniae	32.06	24.46	7.96	8.94	10	17.14	7.72	6.89
S. aureus	35.7	30.6	7.68	6.79	8.83	8.18	6.34	6
P. aeruginosa	41.54	28.13	6.33	8.14	8.33	8	9.15	7.56
E. agglomerans	25.32	24.67	15.28	15.86	6.83	7.96	7.46	6
E. coli	25.62	20.4	6.72	14.84	6	8.81	6	6
CP, chloramphenicol; TC, tetracycline.

Table 2.

Mean of the ZOI (mm) of the Leptogium extracts against the test pathogenic bacteria.