Quantifying the difference between supply and demand of ecosystem services at different spatial-temporal scales: A case study of the Taihu Lake Basin

Wei Yang; Yang Bai; Maroof Ali; Zhongde Huang; Zhangqian Yang; Yi Zhou; Wei Yang; Yang Bai; Maroof Ali; Zhongde Huang; Zhangqian Yang; Yi Zhou

doi:10.48130/CAS-2023-0005

Figures (20) Tables (2)

Figure 1.
Location of TLB in the Yangtze River Delta in China.
Figure 2.
Spatial distribution of supply and demand of water yield service.
Figure 3.
Maps showing water yield supply, demand, and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 4.
Spatial distribution of supply and demand of carbon sequestration service.
Figure 5.
Maps showing carbon sequestration supply, demand, and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, and it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 6.
Spatial distribution of supply and demand of recreation service.
Figure 7.
Maps showing recreation supply, demand, and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 8.
Spatial distribution of supply and demand of food production service.
Figure 9.
Maps showing food production supply, demand, and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 10.
Spatial distribution of supply and demand of heat regulation service.
Figure 11.
Maps showing heat regulation supply, demand, and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, and it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 12.
ESDR of water yield service under different scales and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, and it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 13.
ESDR of carbon sequestration service under different scales and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 14.
ESDR of recreation service under different scales and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, and it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 15.
ESDR of food production service under different scales and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, and it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 16.
ESDR of heat regulation service under different scales and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, and it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.
Figure 17.
Spatial distribution of ESDR at different scales in 2010.
Figure 18.
Spatial distribution of ESDR at different scales in 2020.
Figure 19.
Spatial distribution of CESDR at different scales.
Figure 20.
CESDR under different scales and correlation analysis. (When p < 0.05, it is marked with '*'. When p < 0.01, it is marked with '**'. When p < 0.001, it is marked with '***') in TLB in 2010 and 2020.

Data	Data description	Source	Scale
Administrative boundaries	Administrative boundaries of cities, counties, and townships	www.resdc.cn	Cities, counties, and townships
DEM		www.gscloud.cn	30 m resolution
Climate data	Temperature, Average maximum temperature, precipitation	www.worldclim.org	30 m resolution
Soil data		https://data.tpdc.ac.cn	1,000 m resolution
Land-use data		www.geodata.cn	30 m resolution
Population	Distributed, age	www.worldpop.org	100 m resolution
Statistical data	water requirement, Carbon emissions, Per capita green area, Food production and consumption	Provincial, urban, and county statistical yearbooks, and the Water Resources Bulletin of the TLB	30 m resolution

Table 1.

The data source.

(I) scales	(J) scales	p-value in 2010	95% confidence interval in 2010		p-value in 2020	95% confidence interval in 2020
(I) scales	(J) scales	p-value in 2010	Lower bound	Upper bound	p-value in 2020	lower bound	Upper bound
Pixel	Township	0	0.1065	0.1378	0	0.1496	0.2059
	County	0.002	0.0262	0.1152	0.01	0.0244	0.1843
	City	0.47	−0.1479	0.0682	0.644	−0.2399	0.1484
Township	Pixel	0	−0.1378	−0.1065	0	−0.2059	−0.1496
	County	0.027	−0.0971	−0.0058	0.08	−0.1554	0.0087
	City	0.003	−0.2705	−0.0534	0.025	−0.4185	−0.0285
County	Pixel	0.002	−0.1152	−0.0262	0.01	−0.1843	−0.0244
	Township	0.027	0.0058	0.0971	0.08	−0.0087	0.1554
	City	0.062	−0.2268	0.0057	0.159	−0.3590	0.0587
City	Pixel	0.47	−0.0682	0.1479	0.644	−0.1484	0.2399

Table 2.

Results of CESDR variance test in 2010 and 2020.