Figures (3)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Effect of rootstocks on anthocyanins in two vintages (2016−2017). Each data represents the log2 fold change in anthocyanin concentration/proportion in mature berries on each rootstock relative to those on own-rooted vines. '∑', the total concentration of different types of anthocyanins; '%', the proportions of different types of anthocyanins; 'Total', the total concentration of anthocyanins; 'Cy', cyanidin; 'Dp', delphinidin; 'Pn', peonidin; 'Pt', petunidin; 'Mv', malvidin; 'Glu', anthocyanins in glucoside form; 'Ace', acetylated anthocyanins; 'Cou', coumarylated anthocyanins; 'Met', methoxylated anthocyanins; 'Caff', caffeoylated anthocyanins; '35OH', 3'5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins; '3OH', 3'-hydroxylated anthocyanins. The * on each column indicates a significant difference between rootstock and own-rooted vines in accordance with Duncan's test (p < 0.05).

    • Figure 2. 

      Effect of rootstocks on flavonols in two vintages (2016−2017). 'My', myricetin; 'Qu', quercetin; 'La', laricitrin; 'Ka', kaempferol; 'IS', isohamnetin; 'Sy', syringetin; 'Total', the total concentration of flavonols; The * on each column indicates significant difference between rootstock and own-rooted vines in accordance with Duncan's test (p < 0.05).

    • Figure 3. 

      (a) Principal component analysis (PCA) based on flavonoid compound concentrations in grape of 2016 and 2017, (b) grapes of 2016, (c) grapes of 2017. Left side is score plot and the right side is their corresponding loading plot. '∑', the total concentration of different types of flavonoid; 'Cy', cyanidin; 'Dp', delphinidin; 'Pn', peonidin; 'Pt', petunidin; 'Mv', malvidin; 'My', myricetin; 'Qu', quercetin; 'La', laricitrin; 'Ka', kaempferol; 'IS', isohamnetin; 'Sy', syringetin.

    • YearMonthMean
      MayJuneJulyAugustSeptember
      Mean daily temperature (°C)
      201621.525.927.427.522.224.9
      201723.325.627.926.223.025.2
      Historical average (2008−2017)21.924.527.526.422.124.5
      Maximum daily temperature (°C)
      201628.131.431.831.827.230.1
      201729.731.732.331.128.430.7
      Historical average (2008−2017)27.930.432.131.127.329.8
      Minimum daily temperature (°C)
      201614.820.123.823.017.719.9
      201716.319.424.022.217.719.9
      Historical average (2008−2017)15.718.423.422.317.319.4
      Sunshine duration (h)
      2016281.9224.4153.4218.7201.5281.9
      2017298.5250.9179205.9214.2298.5
      Historical average (2008−2017)269.7219.0180.0209.8194.5269.7
      Precipitation (mm)
      201624.072.9344.376.859.0115.4
      201731.2119.597.4233.92.897.0
      Historical average (2008−2017)30.983.5176.4116.460.493.5

      Table 1. 

      Meteorological conditions of the experimental vineyard from May to September in 2016−2017.

    • Source of variationBerry weight (g/100 berries)Total soluble solids (oBrix)pHTitratable acidity (g/L)
      Rootstock (R)
      PV135.56 ± 12.30a18.70 ± 2.69ab3.00 ± 0.19b11.14 ± 3.04
      PV/101-14MGt146.47 ± 6.6119.46 ± 1.57ab3.06 ± 0.51ab10.95 ± 0.84
      PV/1103P164.77 ± 11.9218.98 ± 1.16ab3.08 ± 0.41ab11.26 ± 2.76
      PV/Beta168.34 ± 58.7120.32 ± 1.38a3.13 ± 0.14a9.23 ± 1.96
      PV/5BB197.57 ± 77.0118.28 ± 1.58b3.09 ± 0.11ab10.47 ± 1.36
      PV/SO4179.12 ± 65.7018.43 ± 0.87b3.05 ± 0.73ab10.44 ± 1.75
      Vintage (V)
      2016182.73 ± 64.24a19.97 ± 1.16a3.13 ± 0.10a10.15 ± 2.23
      2017147.69 ± 15.26b18.10 ± 1.61b3.00 ± 0.09b11.10 ± 1.83
      Significanceb
      R0.3210.1150.1710.428
      V0.0470.0000.0000.179
      R × V0.6110.2040.0320.255
      a Data are expressed as means of three replicates, and different letters within the same column indicate significant differences among the rootstocks or vintages in accordance with Duncan’s test (p < 0.05). b Two-way ANOVA tests for significance of the differences of rootstock × vintage interaction.

      Table 2. 

      Physicochemical parameters of mature berries on different rootstocks in the two seasons (2016−2017).