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Countries Metric tons (MT) GY AGB ACC BGB BCC TBM TCC European Union 147.0 420.0 176.4 105.0 39.9 525.0 216.3 China (mainland) 126.7 362.0 152.0 90.5 34.4 452.5 186.4 India 98.6 281.7 118.3 70.4 26.8 352.1 145.1 Russian Federation 72.0 205.7 86.4 51.4 19.5 257.1 105.9 United States of America 49.7 142.0 59.6 35.5 13.5 177.5 73.1 Canada 31.3 89.4 37.6 22.4 8.5 111.8 46.1 Pakistan 25.4 72.6 30.5 18.1 6.9 90.7 37.4 Ukraine 23.4 66.9 28.1 16.7 6.4 83.6 34.4 Australia 21.9 62.6 26.3 15.6 5.9 78.2 32.2 Turkey 21.0 60.0 25.2 15.0 5.7 75.0 30.9 Argentina 20.0 57.1 24.0 14.3 5.4 71.4 29.4 Kazakhstan 14.0 40.0 16.8 10.0 3.8 50.0 20.6 Iran Islamic Rep. 13.4 38.3 16.1 9.6 3.6 47.9 19.7 Other countries 71.7 204.9 86.0 51.2 19.5 256.1 105.5 World 736.1 2103.1 883.3 525.8 199.8 2628.9 1083.1 Source: FAO outlook[11] and Amanullah et al.[64]. Where: CC = Carbon content, MT = Metric tons, GY = Grain yield, AGB = Above ground biomass, ACC = Above ground CC, BGB = Below ground biomass, BCC = Below ground CC, TBM = Total biomass (AGB + BGB), TCC = Total CC (ACC + BCC). Table 1.
Approximate estimation of carbon content (CC) fixed by wheat crop in metric tons (MT) for the leading countries in the world during 2018−2019.
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Countries Metric tons (MT) GY AGB ACC BGB BCC TBM TCC China (mainland) 141.3 314.0 131.9 78.5 29.8 392.5 161.7 India 113.5 252.2 105.9 63.1 24.0 315.3 129.9 Indonesia 46.7 103.8 43.6 25.9 9.9 129.7 53.4 Bangladesh 35.3 78.4 32.9 19.6 7.5 98.1 40.4 Viet Nam 28.7 63.8 26.8 15.9 6.1 79.7 32.8 Thailand 22.8 50.7 21.3 12.7 4.8 63.3 26.1 Myanmar 18.2 40.4 17.0 10.1 3.8 50.6 20.8 Philippines 12.9 28.7 12.0 7.2 2.7 35.8 14.8 Brazil 8 17.8 7.5 4.4 1.7 22.2 9.2 Japan 7.5 16.7 7.0 4.2 1.6 20.8 8.6 Pakistan 7.6 16.9 7.1 4.2 1.6 21.1 8.7 United States of America 6.5 14.4 6.1 3.6 1.4 18.1 7.4 Cambodia 6.4 14.2 6.0 3.6 1.4 17.8 7.3 Egypt 4.2 9.3 3.9 2.3 0.9 11.7 4.8 Nigeria 4.3 9.6 4.0 2.4 0.9 11.9 4.9 World 511.4 1136.4 477.3 284.1 108.0 1420.6 585.3 Source: FAO outlook [11] and Amanullah et al.[64]. Where: CC = Carbon content, MT = Metric tons, GY = Grain yield, AGB = Above ground biomass, ACC = Above ground CC, BGB = Below ground biomass, BCC = Below ground CC, TBM = Total biomass (AGB + BGB), TCC = Total CC (ACC + BCC). Table 2.
Approximate estimation of carbon content (CC) fixed by rice crop in metric tons (MT) for the leading countries in the world during 2018.
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Countries Metric tons (MT) GY AGB ACC BGB BCC TBM TCC United States of America 392.5 981.1 412.1 245.3 93.2 1226.4 505.3 China (mainland) 257.2 642.9 270.0 160.7 61.1 803.7 331.1 Brazil 82.3 205.7 86.4 51.4 19.5 257.2 105.9 Argentina 43.5 108.7 45.6 27.2 10.3 135.8 56.0 Ukraine 35.8 89.5 37.6 22.4 8.5 111.9 46.1 Indonesia 30.3 75.6 31.8 18.9 7.2 94.5 39.0 India 27.8 69.6 29.2 17.4 6.6 86.9 35.8 Mexico 27.2 67.9 28.5 17.0 6.5 84.9 35.0 Romania 18.7 46.7 19.6 11.7 4.4 58.3 24.0 Canada 13.9 34.7 14.6 8.7 3.3 43.4 17.9 France 12.7 31.7 13.3 7.9 3.0 39.6 16.3 South Africa 12.5 31.3 13.1 7.8 3.0 39.1 16.1 Russian Federation 11.4 28.5 12.0 7.1 2.7 35.7 14.7 Nigeria 10.2 25.4 10.7 6.3 2.4 31.7 13.1 Hungary 8.0 19.9 8.4 5.0 1.9 24.9 10.3 Philippines 7.8 19.4 8.2 4.9 1.8 24.3 10.0 Ethiopia 7.4 18.4 7.7 4.6 1.7 23.0 9.5 Egypt 7.3 18.3 7.7 4.6 1.7 22.8 9.4 Serbia 7.0 17.4 7.3 4.4 1.7 21.8 9.0 Pakistan 6.3 15.8 6.6 3.9 1.5 19.7 8.1 World − − − − − − Source: FAO outlook [11] (Accessed on 5-5-2020). Where: CC = Carbon content, MT = Metric tons, GY = Grain yield, AGB = Above ground biomass, ACC = Above ground CC, BGB = Below ground biomass, BCC = Below ground CC, TBM = Total biomass (AGB + BGB), TCC = Total CC (ACC + BCC). Table 3.
Approximate estimation of carbon content (CC) fixed by maize crop in metric tons (MT) for the leading countries in the world during 2018.
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Countries Metric tons (MT) GY AGB ACC BGB BCC TBM TCC Russian Federation 17.0 56.6 23.8 14.2 5.4 70.8 29.2 France 11.2 37.3 15.7 9.3 3.5 46.6 19.2 Germany 9.6 31.9 13.4 8.0 3.0 39.9 16.5 Australia 9.3 30.8 13.0 7.7 2.9 38.6 15.9 Spain 9.1 30.4 12.8 7.6 2.9 38.0 15.7 Canada 8.4 27.9 11.7 7.0 2.7 34.9 14.4 Ukraine 7.3 24.5 10.3 6.1 2.3 30.6 12.6 Turkey 7.0 23.3 9.8 5.8 2.2 29.2 12.0 United Kingdom 6.5 21.7 9.1 5.4 2.1 27.1 11.2 Argentina 5.1 16.9 7.1 4.2 1.6 21.1 8.7 Kazakhstan 4.0 13.2 5.6 3.3 1.3 16.5 6.8 Denmark 3.5 11.6 4.9 2.9 1.1 14.5 6.0 United States of America 3.3 11.1 4.7 2.8 1.1 13.9 5.7 Poland 3.0 10.2 4.3 2.5 1.0 12.7 5.2 Morocco 2.9 9.5 4.0 2.4 0.9 11.9 4.9 Iran 2.8 9.3 3.9 2.3 0.9 11.7 4.8 Ethiopia 2.1 7.0 2.9 1.8 0.7 8.8 3.6 Algeria 2.0 6.5 2.7 1.6 0.6 8.2 3.4 Romania 1.9 6.2 2.6 1.6 0.6 7.8 3.2 India 1.8 5.9 2.5 1.5 0.6 7.4 3.1 World − − − − − − − Source: FAO outlook[11] (Accessed on 5-5-2020). Where: CC = Carbon content, MT = Metric tons, GY = Grain yield, AGB = Above ground biomass, ACC = Above ground CC, BGB = Below ground biomass, BCC = Below ground CC, TBM = Total biomass (AGB + BGB), TCC = Total CC (ACC + BCC). Table 4.
Approximate estimation of carbon content (CC) fixed by barley crop in metric tons (MT) for the leading countries in the world during 2018−2019.
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Parameter Equal to Parameter Symbol Factor Equation ACC = AGB × 0.42 1 BCC = BGB × 0.38 2 TCC = ACC + BCC 3 AGB = GY ÷ 0.35* 4 TBM = AGB × 1.25 5 BGB = TBM × 0.20 6 TBM = AGB + BGB 7 Where: W, R, M and B stands for wheat, rice, maize and barley, respectively. Factor: * 0.35 for wheat, 0.45 for rice, 0.40 for maize, and 0.30 for barley.
GY = Grain yield; AGB = Above ground biomass; ACC = Above ground CC; BGB = Below ground biomass; BCC = Below ground CC; TBM = Total biomass (AGB + BGB); TCC = Total CC (ACC + BCC). -
Countries Kilograms per hectare (kg·ha−1) GY ACC BCC TCC New Zealand 9000 10800 2443 13243 Namibia 6000 7200 1629 8829 Saudi Arabia 6000 7200 1629 8829 Switzerland 6000 7200 1629 8829 Chile 6000 7200 1629 8829 China 6000 7200 1629 8829 EU-27 6000 7200 1629 8829 Egypt 6000 7200 1629 8829 Zambia 6000 7200 1629 8829 Uzbekistan 5000 6000 1357 7357 Japan 5000 6000 1357 7357 Mexico 5000 6000 1357 7357 Norway 5000 6000 1357 7357 Macedonia 4000 4800 1086 5886 Mali 4000 4800 1086 5886 Serbia 4000 4800 1086 5886 Ukraine 4000 4800 1086 5886 Korea, Republic 4000 4800 1086 5886 Belarus 4000 4800 1086 5886 Albania 4000 4800 1086 5886 Bosnia-Herzegovina 4000 4800 1086 5886 Bangladesh 4000 4800 1086 5886 Zimbabwe 4000 4800 1086 5886 South Africa 3000 3600 814 4414 Azerbaijan 3000 3600 814 4414 Armenia 3000 3600 814 4414 Argentina 3000 3600 814 4414 Canada 3000 3600 814 4414 Brazil 3000 3600 814 4414 Iran 3000 3600 814 4414 India 3000 3600 814 4414 United States of America 3000 3600 814 4414 Uruguay 3000 3600 814 4414 Tajikistan 3000 3600 814 4414 Turkey 3000 3600 814 4414 Russian Federation 3000 3600 814 4414 Pakistan 3000 3600 814 4414 Sudan 3000 3600 814 4414 Syrian Arab Rep. 3000 3600 814 4414 Lebanon 3000 3600 814 4414 Grain yield data of 2019 taken from USDA website accessed on 8 May 2020. *GY (grain yield), CC (carbon content), ACC (above ground CC), BCC (below ground CC) and TCC (total below and above ground CC). Table 5.
Carbon content (kg·ha−1) calculation for wheat crop in 40 leading countries in the world during 2019−2020.
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Countries Kilograms per hectare (kg ha−1) GY ACC BCC TCC Australia 10000 9333 2111 11444 Turkey 9000 8400 1900 10300 Peru 8000 7467 1689 9156 Morocco 8000 7467 1689 9156 Egypt 8000 7467 1689 9156 United States of America 8000 7467 1689 9156 Uruguay 8000 7467 1689 9156 EU-27 7000 6533 1478 8011 Japan 7000 6533 1478 8011 Argentina 7000 6533 1478 8011 Chile 7000 6533 1478 8011 China 7000 6533 1478 8011 Korea 7000 6533 1478 8011 Mexico 6000 5600 1267 6867 Paraguay 6000 5600 1267 6867 Russian Federation 6000 5600 1267 6867 El Salvador 6000 5600 1267 6867 Taiwan 6000 5600 1267 6867 Brazil 6000 5600 1267 6867 Guyana 6000 5600 1267 6867 Viet Nam 6000 5600 1267 6867 Ukraine 5000 4667 1056 5722 Indonesia 5000 4667 1056 5722 Iraq 5000 4667 1056 5722 Iran 5000 4667 1056 5722 Dominican Republic 5000 4667 1056 5722 Bangladesh 5000 4667 1056 5722 Colombia 5000 4667 1056 5722 Suriname 5000 4667 1056 5722 Mauritania 5000 4667 1056 5722 Niger 5000 4667 1056 5722 Kazakhstan 5000 4667 1056 5722 Sri Lanka 4000 3733 844 4578 Nicaragua 4000 3733 844 4578 Nepal 4000 3733 844 4578 Panama 4000 3733 844 4578 Korea, Democratic 4000 3733 844 4578 Malaysia 4000 3733 844 4578 Senegal 4000 3733 844 4578 Philippines 4000 3733 844 4578 Grain yield data of 2019 taken from USDA website accessed on 8 May 2020. * GY (grain yield), CC (carbon content), ACC (above ground CC), BCC (below ground CC) and TCC (total below and above ground CC). Table 6.
Carbon content (kg·ha−1) calculation for rice crop in 40 leading countries in the world during 2019.
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Countries Kilograms per hectare (kg·ha−1) GY ACC BCC TCC Chile 12000 12600 2850 15450 Turkey 12000 12600 2850 15450 United States 11000 11550 2613 14163 New Zealand 11000 11550 2613 14163 Uzbekistan 10000 10500 2375 12875 Jordan 10000 10500 2375 12875 Switzerland 9000 9450 2138 11588 Canada 9000 9450 2138 11588 Argentina 8000 8400 1900 10300 Bangladesh 8000 8400 1900 10300 Egypt 8000 8400 1900 10300 EU-27 7000 7350 1663 9013 Albania 7000 7350 1663 9013 Australia 7000 7350 1663 9013 Iran 7000 7350 1663 9013 Kyrgyzstan 7000 7350 1663 9013 Uruguay 7000 7350 1663 9013 Ukraine 7000 7350 1663 9013 Serbia 7000 7350 1663 9013 Russian Federation 6000 6300 1425 7725 Saudi Arabia 6000 6300 1425 7725 Paraguay 6000 6300 1425 7725 Taiwan 6000 6300 1425 7725 Tajikistan 6000 6300 1425 7725 Iraq 6000 6300 1425 7725 Kazakhstan 6000 6300 1425 7725 Lao 6000 6300 1425 7725 Malaysia 6000 6300 1425 7725 Azerbaijan 6000 6300 1425 7725 Bosnia-Herzegovina 6000 6300 1425 7725 Brazil 6000 6300 1425 7725 Belarus 6000 6300 1425 7725 China 6000 6300 1425 7725 Korea, Republic 5000 5250 1188 6438 Cambodia 5000 5250 1188 6438 Viet Nam 5000 5250 1188 6438 South Africa 5000 5250 1188 6438 Pakistan 5000 5250 1188 6438 Thailand 4000 4200 950 5150 Korea, Democratic 4000 4200 950 5150 Grain yield data of 2019 taken from USDA website accessed on 8 May 2020. * GY (grain yield), CC (carbon content), ACC (above ground CC), BCC (below ground CC) and TCC (total below and above ground CC). Table 7.
Carbon content (kg·ha−1) calculation for maize crop in 40 leading countries in the world during 2019.
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Countries Kilograms per hectare (kg·ha−1) GY ACC BCC TCC Chile 8000 11200 2533 13733 New Zealand 7000 9800 2217 12017 Zimbabwe 6000 8400 1900 10300 Switzerland 6000 8400 1900 10300 EU-27 5000 7000 1583 8583 Saudi Arabia 5000 7000 1583 8583 Ukraine 4000 5600 1267 6867 United States 4000 5600 1267 6867 Uruguay 4000 5600 1267 6867 Serbia 4000 5600 1267 6867 Norway 4000 5600 1267 6867 Korea, Republic 4000 5600 1267 6867 Brazil 4000 5600 1267 6867 Belarus 4000 5600 1267 6867 Canada 4000 5600 1267 6867 Argentina 4000 5600 1267 6867 Azerbaijan 3000 4200 950 5150 Bosnia- Herzegovina 3000 4200 950 5150 China 3000 4200 950 5150 Japan 3000 4200 950 5150 Kenya 3000 4200 950 5150 India 3000 4200 950 5150 Mexico 3000 4200 950 5150 South Africa 3000 4200 950 5150 Tunisia 2000 2800 633 3433 Turkey 2000 2800 633 3433 Ethiopia 2000 2800 633 3433 Russian Federation 2000 2800 633 3433 Peru 2000 2800 633 3433 Uzbekistan 2000 2800 633 3433 Tajikistan 2000 2800 633 3433 Iran 2000 2800 633 3433 Georgia 2000 2800 633 3433 Kyrgyzstan 2000 2800 633 3433 Lebanon 2000 2800 633 3433 Moldova 2000 2800 633 3433 Macedonia 2000 2800 633 3433 Colombia 2000 2800 633 3433 Algeria 2000 2800 633 3433 Grain yield data of 2019 taken from USDA website accessed on 8 May 2020. * GY (grain yield), CC (carbon content), ACC (above ground CC), BCC (below ground CC) and TCC (total below and above ground CC). Table 8.
Carbon content (kg·ha−1) calculation for barley crop in 40 leading countries in the world during 2019−2020.
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