Figures (4)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Schematic diagram of the main origin in China and the industrialization process of Andrographis paniculata.

    • Figure 2. 

      Classification of formulas containing Andrographis herba. (a) Classification according to formula type. (b) Classification according to dosage form.

    • Figure 3. 

      Pharmacological activities of andrographolide.

    • Figure 4. 

      Biosynthetic pathway of andrographolide (the original biosynthetic pathway of andrographolide is annotated in gray color) and heterologous synthesis strategies of diterpenoids and derivatives in microbes. (a) The formation of diterpenoid's precursor (E,E,E) -geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) in original plants. (b) The formation of GGPP in yeast. (c) The midstream module to generate diterpenoids skeletons. (d) The downstream module to create various diterpenoids with different pharmacological activities.

    • Formula nameComponentsFormula typeDosage form
      Liaofeining Pian[19]Stemonae Radix (Baibu, BB), CXL, Imperatae Rhizoma (Baimaogen), Bletillae Rhizoma (Baiji)ReinforcingTablet
      Qingre Anchuang Wan[20]
      Qingre Anchuang Pian[21]      		Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua, JYH), Rhei Radix et Rhizome (Dahuang, DH), CXL, Taraxaci Herba (Pugongying), Margarita (Zhenzhu, ZZ), Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (Shandougen), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, GC), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi)Blood-activating and stasis eliminating
      		Pill
      Tablet
      Waiyong Zijin Ding[15]Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus (Shancigu), Cinnabaris (Zhusha), Galla Chinensis (Wubeizi), Realgar (Xionghuang, XH), Knoxiae Radix (Hongdaji), CXL, Euphorbiae Semen (Qianjinzi), Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi), Borneolum Syntheticum (Bingpian, BP), Caryophylli Flos (Dingxiang)Pastille
      Kangfu Xiaoyan Shuan[22]Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen), Patriniae Herba (Baijiangcao), Violae Herba (Zihuadiding), CXL, Taraxaci Herba (Pugongying), Suis Fellis (Zhudan), Arnebiae Radix (Zicao), ALOE (Luhui)Dampness-resolvingSuppository
      Fufang Chuanxinlian Pian[23]CXL, Isatidis Folium (Daqingye, DQY)Tablet
      Fuke Qianjin Pian[24]Radix Flemingiae (Qianjinba, QJB), Zanthoxyli Radix (Danmianzhen), Rosae Laevigatae Radix (Jinyinggen, JYG), CXL, Mahoniae Caulis (Gonglaomu, GLM), Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen), Spatholobi Caulis (Jixueteng, JXT), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui)Tablet
      Fufang Dantong Pian[13]Isodi Lophanthoidis (Xihuangcao, XHC), Artemisia Scopariae Herba (Yinchen), CXL, DH and 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (Dantong,)Tablet
      Fufang Dantong Jiaonang[14]Capsule
      Fufang Huangqin Pian[25]Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, HQ), Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma Et Radix (Huzhang), CXL, GLMTablet
      Fufang Kumu Xiaoyan Pian[26]CXL, Picrasmae Ramulus et Folium (Kumu, KM)Tablet
      Lixieling Pian[27]Bistortae Rhizoma (Quanshen), CXL, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen, KS)Tablet
      Zhilining Pian[28]CXL, KS, Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang)Tablet
      Jinji Keli[16]
      Jinji Jiaonang[17]      		JYG, JXT, QJB, GLM, Zanthoxyli Radix (Liangmianzhen), CXLGranules
      Capsule
      Xiaoyan Zhike Pian[29]Elaeagnus Pungens Folium (Hutuiziye), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Pseudostellariae Radix (Taizishen), BB, Papaveris Pericarpium (Yingsuke), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, MH), Fructus Viticis Negundo (Huangjingzi), Adenophorae Radix (Nanshashen), CXLExpectorantTablet
      Qinggan Chuanxinlian Pian[30]CXL, Gnetum parvifolium (Maimateng)Exterior disorder-relievingTablet
      Cuilian Jiedu Pian[31]Selaginellae Uncinatae Herba (Cuiyuncao), CXL, Radix Helicteris Angustifoliae (Shanzhima, SZM), Radix Et Caulis Ilicis Asprellae (Gangmei, GM), Viticis Negundo Herba (Wuzhigan), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe, BH)Tablet
      Ganmaoqing Pian[32]Isatidis Radix (Banlangen, BLG), DQY, Spanishneedles Herb (Jinzhan yinpan), GM, SZM, CXLTablet
      Ganmaoqing Jiaonang[32]Capsule
      Ganmaokang Jiaonang[33]CXL, Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (Yejuhua, YJH), Solidaginis Herba (Yizhihuanghua), Herb of Marginate Rockbell (Lanhuashen), Stauntoniae Caulis et Folium (Yemugua)Capsule
      Kangle Biyan Pian[34]Xanthii Fructus (Cang'erzi), Magnoliae Flos (Xinyi), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi), MH, CXL, HQ, Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Pogostemonis Herba (Guanghuoxiang), Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), BHHeat-clearingTablet
      Zhiganjia Pian[35]SZM, CXL, Tadehagi Triquetri Herba (Hulucha), Euodiae Leptae Folium et Ramulus (Sanchaku), BLG, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), BHTablet
      Houkang San[36]BP, ZZ, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Borax (Pengsha), Natrii Sulfas Exsiccatus (Xuanmingfen), L-Menthol (Bohenao), Trichosanthis Radix (Tianhuafen), CXL, Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai), GCpowder
      Liandan Xiaoyan Pian[37]CXL, KMTablet
      Lianzhi Xiaoyan Pian[38]CXL, SZMTablet
      Lianzhi Xiaoyan Jiaonang[39]Capsule
      Fufang Honggencao Pian[40]Alviae Prionitidis Herba (Honggencao), Houttuyniae Herba (Yuxingcao), JYH, YJH, CXLTablet
      Houshuning Pian[41]Herba Hedyotidis (Baihua Sheshe cao), CXL, SZMTablet
      Qianxi Pian[42]CXL, Senecionis Scandentis Hebra (Qianliguang)Tablet
      Qinghuo Zhimai Pian[43]CXL, ZZ, Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong)Tablet
      Qinghuo Zhimai Jiaonang[44]Capsule
      Xiaoyan Lidan Pian[45]CXL, XHC, KMTablet
      Xinxue Pian[46]Magnetitum (Cishi), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Talcum (Huashi), Gypsum Rubrum (Hanshuishi), Saltpeter (Xiaoshi), Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao), ZZ, Lophatheri Herba (Zhuye), Radix Serratulae Chinensis (Guangshengma), CXL, ZZ, Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (Chenxiang), BPTablet
      Xinxue Keli[47]Granules
      Yanhou Xiaoyan Wan[48]Bufonis Venenum (Chansu), CXL, Ramulus et Folium Schefflerae (Qiyelian), ZZ, BP, XH, Plant Soot (Baicaoshuang)Pill
      Shang Hai She Yao Pian[18]CXL, Ecliptae Herba (Mohanlian)Tablet

      Table 1. 

      TCM formulas containing Andrographis Herba (Chuanxinlian, CXL).