Responses of dioecious <i>Populus</i> to heavy metals: a meta-analysis

Lei Yu; Shuanglei Tang; Jieyu Kang; Helena Korpelainen; Chunyang Li; Lei Yu; Shuanglei Tang; Jieyu Kang; Helena Korpelainen; Chunyang Li

doi:10.48130/FR-2023-0025

Figure 1.

Overall effects of heavy metals on the concentrations of (a) Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd in leaf, stem and root; (b) total biomass, leaf biomass, stem biomass, root biomass, height, R/S ratio, total chl, P_n, g_s, E and C_i; (c) proline, APX, NPT, POD, CAT, SOD, TBARS, H₂O₂, ${\text{O}^-_2} $ and MDA. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals. The number of observations for each variable is shown in parentheses. The blue color indicates significant positive effects, and the red color indicates significant negative effects.^*p < 0.05,^**p < 0.01,^*** p < 0.001.

Figure 2.

Impacts of sex on the effects of heavy metals on the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd in (a) leaf, (b) stem and (c) root. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals. The blue color indicates significant positive effects.^*p < 0.05,^**p < 0.01,^*** p < 0.001.

Figure 3.

Impacts of sex on the effects of heavy metals on total biomass, leaf biomass, stem biomass, root biomass, R/S ratio and height. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals. The p-values indicate differences between Populus sexes, and the red color indicates significant negative effects.^*p < 0.05,^**p < 0.01,^*** p < 0.001.

Figure 4.

Impacts of sex on the effects of heavy metals on total chl, P_n, g_s , E and C_i. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals. The p-values indicate differences between Populus sexes, and the red color indicates significant negative effects.^*p < 0.05,^**p < 0.01,^*** p < 0.001.

Figure 5.

Impacts of sex on the effects of heavy metals on the concentrations of TBARS, H₂O₂, ${\text{O}^-_2} $, and MDA. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals. The p-values indicate differences between Populus sexes, and the blue color indicates significant positive effects.^*p < 0.05,^**p < 0.01,^*** p < 0.001.

Figure 6.

Impacts of sex on the effects of heavy metals on the concentrations of proline, APX, NPT, POD, CAT and SOD. Values are means with 95% confidence intervals. The p-values indicate differences between Populus sexes, and the blue color indicates significant positive effects.^*p < 0.05,^**p < 0.01,^*** p < 0.001.