Figures (6)  Tables (1)
    • Figure 1. 

      Diagrammatic view of QS regulation[82].

    • Figure 2. 

      Synthesis of QSMs of different wine yeast species in MS300 medium at 22 °C for 29 h in 2 mL microcentrifuge tubes (mini fermentation)[58].

    • Figure 3. 

      The correlation between the production of QSM's and expression of ARO genes during mini fermentation by S. cerevisiae for 42 h with the initial concentration of 6 × 105 cells/mL[70].

    • Figure 4. 

      Neighbour-joining tree of ARO8, ARO9, and ARO10 genes of S. cerevisiae from different regional strains which regulate QS.

    • Figure 5. 

      Neighbour-joining tree of some QSM's producing wine yeast species.

    • Figure 6. 

      A simple microfluidic setup[76].

    • RegionWell known wine typeGrape variety
      France
      Haut-MédocChâteau Cantemerle, ACCabernet Sauvignon blended with
      Cabernet Franc and Merlot
      ChÍteau Lafite – Rothschild, Latour
      Mouton-Rothschild
      Upper LoireSancerre Rouge, ACPinot Noir
      Bordeaux fringe countryBergerac, ACMerlot, Cabernet
      Càte de BeauneAloxe-Corton, ACPinot Noir
      Italy
      TuscanyBrunello di Montalcino, DOCGSangiovese
      Vernaccia Di San GimignanoVernaccia
      VenetoSoave, DOCGarganega
      Breganze, DOCRondinella and Molinara
      United States of America
      CaliforniaMondaviChardonnay(white), Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot
      Berringer
      SonomaCutrerCabernet Sauvignon/Chardonnay
      OregonAdelsheimPinot Noir
      Australia
      VictoriaLindemansChardonnay
      ChÍteau TahbilkCabernet, Shiraz
      South AustraliaAdamsChardonnay (white)
      HenschkeSauvignon (red)
      WynnsCabernet
      Chile
      Central valleySanta RitaCabernet Sauvignon
      Concha y ToroMerlot (red)
      Terra NobleCarmenieres

      Table 1. 

      Significant regional grape varieties and their respective wine types all over the world[11].