Figures (7)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Phylogenetic analysis of SPPs and SPSs originating from 15 different plant species. Pink area: SPS family; Light blue area: SPP family. Blue circle: tea plant; red star: Arabidopsis; red triangle: rice; blue star: maize; yellow star: tomato; dark red star: spinach; dark red triangle: tobacco; black star: melon; green star: citrus; purple star: grape; gray star: wheat; pink star: potato; orange star: litchi; white star: sorghum; black triangle; apple. Bootstrap values of all branches are above 50%.

    • Figure 2. 

      Chromosomal location and collinearity analysis of CsSPP and CsSPSs. (a) Chromosomal distribution of CsSPP and CsSPSs in 'Shuchazao' genome. (b) Interspecies synteny analysis of CsSPP and CsSPSs in 'Shuchazao' associated with Arabidopsis, 'Huangdan' and 'Tieguanyin' genomes.

    • Figure 3. 

      The cis-acting elements in the promoters of CsSPP and CsSPSs, and co-expression networks of CsSPP and CsSPSs. (a) cis-acting elements in promoters of CsSPP and CsSPSs. The heat map displays the type and number of cis-acting elements and the bar chart displays the number of cis-acting elements. MYB: myeloblastosis; MYC: myelocytomatosis; DSR: defense and stress responsiveness; LTR: low-temperature responsiveness; ABRE: abscisic acid responsiveness; GA: gibberellin-responsiveness; ARE: anaerobic induction; TGA: auxin-responsive element; MeJA: MeJA-responsiveness. (b) Co-expression networks of CsSPP and CsSPSs 3/4.

    • Figure 4. 

      The exon-intron structures CsSPP and CsSPSs, conserved motifs and domains of CsSPP and CsSPSs. (a) The exon-intron structures CsSPP and CsSPSs. Green boxes represent exons, yellow boxes represent untranslated upstream/downstream regions, and lines indicate introns. (b) Conserved motifs of CsSPP and CsSPSs. Different motifs are presented by different colored squares. (c) Conserved domains of CsSPP and CsSPSs. Different domains are shown in different colors.

    • Figure 5. 

      Tissue-specific analysis of CsSPP and CsSPSs in tea plant.

    • Figure 6. 

      Expression analysis of CsSPP and CsSPSs under different abiotic stress conditions. (a) Expression profiles of CsSPP and CsSPSs under salt stress conditions. (b) Expression profiles of CsSPP and CsSPSs under cold stress conditions. (c) Expression profiles of CsSPP and CsSPSs under drought stress conditions.

    • Figure 7. 

      Expression analysis of CsSPP and CsSPSs in different tea plant cultivars under cold stress conditions. (a) Relative electrolytic leakage, malondialdehyde and photosynthetic parameters of 'Shuchazao' and 'Baiye1' under cold stress conditions. (b) Expression levels of CsSPP and CsSPSs, SPS activity and different types of soluble sugar content. (c) Correlation analysis of CsSPP and CsSPSs, SPS activity and different types of soluble sugar components in 'Shuchazao' and 'Baiye1' cultivars, respectively. (c-i) Correlation analysis of CsSPP, CsSPSs, SPS activity and soluble sugars in the 'Shuchazao' cultivar. (c-ii) Correlation analysis of CsSPP, CsSPSs, SPS activity and soluble sugars in the 'Baiye1' cultivar. Green color means negative correlation, purple color means positive correlation.

    • GeneAccession numberORF (bp)AAMW (KDa)pIAliphatic indexLocSignalPTMHs
      CsSPPCSS0017072.1('SCZ')
      GWHPASIV039206 ('TGY')
      GWHPAZTZ037371 ('HD')
      GWHPBAUV077964 ('HD'-HB)
      GWHPASIX044577 ('TGY'-HA)
      GWHPASIX046144 ('TGY'-HB)      		1,27542448.13
      48.11
      48.10
      48.11
      48.11
      48.11      		5.55
      5.62
      5.55
      5.62
      5.62
      5.62      		81.37
      82.29
      82.29
      82.29
      82.29
      82.29      		CytoplasmNONO
      CsSPS1CSS0047114.1('SCZ')2,988995111.155.6586.04CytoplasmNONO
      CsSPS2CSS0020276.1 ('SCZ')
      GWHPASIV037217 ('TGY')
      GWHPAZTZ035335 ('HD')
      GWHPBAUV071117 ('HD'-HA)
      GWHPBAUV073449 ('HD'-HB)      		3,057
      2,796
      2,916
      2,916
      2,916      		1018
      931
      971
      971
      971      		113.16
      103.18
      107.81
      107.81
      107.83      		5.71
      5.76
      5.76
      5.76
      5.76      		86.58
      87.65
      86.86
      86.86
      86.86
      CsSPS3CSS0009603.1 ('SCZ')
      GWHPASIV029409 ('TGY')
      GWHPAZTZ027893 ('HD')
      GWHPBAUV055399 ('HD'-HA)
      GWHPBAUV058548 ('HD'-HB)
      GWHPASIX032838 ('TGY'-HA)
      GWHPASIX034616 ('TGY'-HB)      		3,111
      3,120
      2,916
      3,192
      3,120
      3,120
      3,120      		1036
      1039
      1039
      1039
      1039
      1039
      1039      		116.78
      117.77
      117.66
      215.79
      117.66
      117.66
      117.77      		5.92
      6.32
      6.26
      6.53
      6.26
      6.21
      6.32      		90.52
      88.59
      88.21
      94.36
      88.21
      88.59
      88.59      		CytoplasmNONO
      CsSPS4CSS0024623.1('SCZ')
      GWHPAZTZ027407('HD')
      GWHPASIV029106('TGY')
      GWHPBAUV054918('HD'-HA)
      GWHPBAUV058088 ('HD'-HB)      		3,192
      2,916
      3,864
      3,237
      3,192      		1063
      1063
      1287
      1078
      1063      		119.71
      119.64
      144.79
      119.19
      119.64      		6.05
      6.00
      6.01
      6.10
      6.00      		83.57
      83.47
      86.83
      83.40
      83.47      		CytoplasmNONO
      ORF, Opening reading fame; AA, The numbers of amino acid residues; MW, Molecule weight; pI, Theoretical isoelectric point; Loc, Subcellular location; SignalP, Signal peptide; TMHs, Transmembrane helices. 'SCZ', 'TGY' and 'HD' mean 'Shuchazao', 'Tieguanyin', and 'Huangdan', respectively. 'HA' and 'HB' represent haplotype A and haplotype B genomes of 'Huangdan' and 'Tieguanyin' cultivars, respectively.

      Table 1. 

      Basic information of CsSPP and CsSPSs.