Figures (1)  Tables (3)

    • Figure 1. 

      Conceptual framework (crop diversification and SDG-12).

    • Sub-themes
      iDiverse crops, and soil fertility
      iiMulti crops, and protection from natural hazards
      iii Crop diversification, protection from insects
      iv Crop varieties, and financial benefits
      v Multi-crops household food availability, and people's accessibility to crops
      viFood utilization, crop diversification
      vii Growing multiple crops, families' food security
      Source: Authors' generated table, 2023.

      Table 1. 

      Sub-themes of crop diversification and SDG-12.

    • iDiverse crops, and soil fertility
      (a) Possibility of getting more crops increases
      (b) Proper supplements when producing two or three crops
      iiMulti crops, and protection from natural hazards
      (a) Producing multiple crops reduces the risks posed by natural disasters
      (b) Less damages to be occurred by any hazardous event
      iiiCrop diversification and protection from insects
      (a) Proper irrigation method prevents worms from infesting the land
      (b) Crop diseases reduced by growing multiple crops
      ivCrop varieties, and financial benefits
      (a) Multiple crops have a positive impact on reducing financial hardships
      (b) Multi crops reduce the fluctuation in crop prices
      (c) Diverse crops help to stable the market stability
      Source: Authors' generated table, 2023.

      Table 2. 

      Crop-diversification and sustainable production.

    • iDiverse crops, household food availability, and people's accessibility to food
      (a) The prices of products remain stable within the affordability of the masses
      (b) Food security could be ensured due to multi production
      iiFood utilization and crop diversification
      (a) Different nutrients from diverse foods
      (b) Growing multiple crops diversifies the dietary habits of families, resulting in a variety of crops available for consumption
      iiiGrowing multiple crops, and families' food security
      (a) Food optimization could be greatly ensured
      (b) Growing diverse crops increases food accessibility vital for food security
      Source: Authors' generated table, 2023.

      Table 3. 

      Multi-crop production and sustainable consumption.