Review on respiratory infectious disease transmission mechanism: effects of human movement and facemask use

Figures (5) Tables (1)

Figure 1.
Three main factors in indoor airborne transmission of respiratory infectious diseases: Source of infection, airborne transmission route, exposure risk assessment.
Figure 2.
The 'enhancement effect' of human movement on the high-risk range^[99].
Figure 3.
Multi-person movement's effects on airborne transmission^[124].
Figure 4.
Model of facemask protection. Source control aims to reduce virus-laden droplets exhaled from infected individuals, and respiratory protection aims to protect susceptible individual from inhaling droplets emitted by infection sources.
Figure 5.
Synthetic schlieren images of exhaled flows changes with and without a facemasks under different scenarios: (a), (d) breathing quietly; (b), (e) saying 'also'; (c), (f) laughing^[136].

Region	Regulation	Name	Particle Filtration Effciency (PFE, %)	FE test flowrate	Particle diameter (µm)
China	GB2626-2019	KN90	≥90	30~100 L/min, continuous flow	0.075 ± 0.020
		KN95	≥95
		KN100	≥99.97
Europe	EN 149-2001+A1: 2009	FFP1	≥80	95 L/min, continuous flow	0.02~2
		FFP2	≥94
		FFP3	≥99
America	NIOSH 42 CFR Part 84-2019	N95	≥95	20.0~65.0 L/min, breathing	0.075 ± 0.020

Table 1.

High-performance respirator regulations.