Sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub> by concrete and natural minerals - current status, future potential, and additional benefits

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Figure 1.
Current global C sequestration rates by basaltic minerals and concrete, and potential increases from applying those materials to croplands. Data sources are Seifritz^[9], Hartmann et al.^[10], Gaillardet et al.^[11], Strefler et al.^[12], Ciais et al.^[13], Cao et al.^[20] with the red part of the bars showing C sequestration by ancillary concrete materials, Guo et al.^[21], Xi et al.^[19], Goll et al. using 20 million km² of global hinterland^[22], Beerling et al.^[5] (using 11% of global cropland), Goll et al. using 100 million km² of global hinterland^[22], Beerling et al.^[5] (using 22% of global cropland); potential from more extensive cropland utilization is not presented; higher estimates of potential C sequestration rates by basaltic minerals of 1.34 Pg C yr⁻¹ by Strefler et al.^[12] and 1.09 Pg C yr⁻¹ by Fuhrman et al.^[23] are excluded as those authors did not consider cropland area that would be required, Zhang et al. ^[24], Renforth et al.^[25] with the red part of the bar showing C sequestration by ancillary concrete materials.