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Figure 1.
Six woody oil crops planted mainly in China. (a) Camellia oleifera (photographed by Xiaoying Nie and Hua Li from Hezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences). (b) Olea europaea (photographed by Shunli Yu from Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences). (c) Acer truncatum (photographed by Jing Sun from Yangzhou University). (d) Paeonia ostii (photographed by Jing Sun from Yangzhou University). (e) Juglans regia (photographed by Mei Tian from Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences). (f) Xanthoceras sorbifolium (photographed by Shunli Yu from Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences).
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Plant Latin name Distribution range in China Area
(thousand hectares)Oil production
(tons)Oil content
of seedsData source Oil tea camellia Camellia oleifera Alpine and hilly areas in the subtropical region of
southern China[9]4,530 (by 2021) − 50%[10] www.forestry.gov.cn/main/28/20210329/162217154840445.html Walnut Juglans regia Plains and hilly areas of north, northwest and southwest of China[11] 8,000 (by 2021) 33,000
(by 2021)60%−65%[12] www.chinaoil.org.cn/news/6660.html Olive Olea europaea Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Gansu provinces[13] 90 (by 2021) 13,000
(by 2021)25%[14] www.chinaoil.org.cn/news/6660.html Tree peony Paeonia ostii Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces[15] 129.3 (by 2021) 53,000
(by 2021)24%−38%[16] www.chinaoil.org.cn/news/6660.html Shiny-leaved yellowhorn Xanthoceras sorbifolia Northwest, north and northeast of China[17] 175.3 (by 2019) − 50%[18] www.chinaoils.cn/news/15474.html Purpleblow maple Acer truncatum Mainly concentrated in
the north of China[19]106.7 (by 2018) − 38%[20] www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-11/02/content_5336947.htm Hazelnut Corylus heterophylla Northeast and north of China[21] 1,333.3 (by 2021) 137,000
(by 2021)59%[22] www.chinaoil.org.cn/news/6660.html Table 1.
Distribution of the main woody oil crops in China.
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Plant oils (Latin name) Palmitic acid (C16:0) (%) Stearic acid (C18:0) (%) Oleic acid
(C18:1) (%)Linoleic acid (C18:2) (%) Linolenic acid (C18:3) (%) Data source Oil-tea camellia seed oil (Camellia oleifera) 3.9%−14.5% 0.3%−4.8% 68.0%−87% 3.8%−14% 1.4% or less GB/T 11765-2018 Olive oil (Olea europaea) 7.5%−20.0% 0.5%−5.0% 55.0%−83.0% 2.5%−21.0% 1.0% or less GB/T 23347-2021 Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) 39.3%−47.5% 3.5%−6.0% 36.0%−44.0% 9.0%−12.0% 0.5% or less GB/T 15680-2009 Walnut oil (Juglans regia) 2.2%−10.0% 0.5%−6.0% 11.5%−35.0% 50.0%−70.0% 5.5%−18.0% GB/T 22327-2019 Almond oil (Prunus armeniaca) 3.0%−8.1% 3.5% or less 40.8%−80.8% 12.0%−50.5% 3.0% or less GB/T 41386-2022 Tree peony seed oil (Paeonia ostii) − − 21.0% or higher 25.0% or higher 38.0% or higher GB/T 40622-2021 Shiny-leaved yellowhorn oil (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) 4.5%−6.0% 1.6%−2.4% 27.5%−33.5% 41.1%−46.8% 6.0%−7.0% LS/T 3265-2019 Maple seed oil (Acer truncatum) − − 15.0%−30.0% 30.0%−40.0% − GB/T 37748-2019 Flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) 3.7%−7.9% 2.0%−7.0% 9.5%−30.0% 10.0%−20.0% 45.0%−70.0% GB/T 8235-2019 Rapeseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) 1.5%−6.0% − 8.0%−65.0% 9.5%−30.0% 5.0%−13.0% GB/T 1536-2021 Sunflower seed oil (Helianthus annuus) 5.0%−7.6% 2.7%−6.5% 14.0%−39.4% 48.3%−74.0% 0.3% or less GB/T 10464-2017 Cottonseed oil (Gossypium hirsutum) 19.0%−26.4% 1.5%−3.3% 13.5%−21.7% 46.7%−62.2% 0.7% or less GB/T 1537-2019 Peanut oil (Arachis hypogaea) 8.0%−14.0% 1.0%−4.5% 35.0%−69.0% 13.0%−43.0% 0.3% or less GB/T 1534-2017 Maize oil (Zea mays) 8.6%−16.5% 3.3% or less 20.0%−42.2% 34.0%−65.6% 2.0% or less GB/T 19111-2017 Sesame seed oil (Sesamum indicum) 7.9%−12.0% 4.5%−6.9% 34.4%−45.5% 36.9%−47.9% − GB/T 8233-2018 Soya bean oil (Glycine max) 8.0%−13.5% 2.0%−5.4% 17.0%−30.0% 48.0%−59.0% 4.2%−11.0% GB/T 1535-2017 Table 2.
Fatty acid composition in some woody oils.
Figures
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Tables
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