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    • Figure 1. 

      Cultivation of pyrethrum. (a) Blossoming pyrethrum fields in Yunnan, China. (b) Mechanical harvesting of pyrethrum in Yunnan, China.

    • Figure 2. 

      The pathway of pyrethrins biosynthesis. Solid arrows represent the steps that have been elucidated in the pathway, while dashed arrows indicate the steps that remain to be clarified. 13-LOX (13-lipoxygenase), AOS (allene oxide synthase), AOC (allene oxide cyclase), OPR3 (OPDA reductase 3), CDS (chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase), ADH2 (alcohol dehydrogenase 2), ALDH1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1), CHH (chrysanthemol 10-hydroxylase), GLIP (GDSL lipase-like protein), JMH (jasmolone hydroxylase), MT (10-carboxychrysanthemic acid 10-methyltransferase), PYS (pyrethrolone synthase).

    • Figure 3. 

      Pyrethrum intercropping systems. (a) Intercropping of pyrethrum with Chinese jujube. (b) Pyrethrum interplanted with olive trees. (c) Pyrethrum combined with citrus and cabbage in intercropping. (d) Pyrethrum intercropped with roses.