Figures (7)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      The leaf phenotypes and relative water content (RWC) of six R. rugosa genotypes under drought stress. (a) Leaf phenotypes of six R. rugosa genotypes. (b) RWC of six R. rugosa genotypes. W, Wild Rosa rugosa; F, R. rugosa 'Fenghua'; ZZ, R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; P, R. rugosa 'Plena'; S, Rosa sertata × R. rugosa; ZD, R. rugosa 'Ziduan'. Error bars represent standard error for three replicates.

    • Figure 2. 

      Photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves of six R. rugosa genotypes under drought stress. (a) Transpiration rate (Tr). (b) Net photosynthetic rate (Pn). (c) Water use efficiency (WUE). (d) Stomatal conductance (Gs). W, Wild R. rugosa; F, R. rugosa 'Fenghua'; ZZ, R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; P, R. rugosa 'Plena'; S, R. sertata × R. rugosa; ZD, R. rugosa 'Ziduan'. Error bars represent standard error for 10 replicates. Different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05.

    • Figure 3. 

      Contents of superoxide anions (O2−), malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble proteins in the leaves of six R. rugosa varieties under drought stress. (a) O2− content determination using 0.1% Nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) staining. (b) MDA contents. (c) Soluble protein content. W, Wild R. rugosa; F, R. rugosa 'Fenghua'; ZZ, R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; P, R. rugosa 'Plena'; S, R. sertata × R. rugosa; ZD, R. rugosa 'Ziduan'. Error bars represent standard error for three replicates. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05.

    • Figure 4. 

      Observation of leaf surface structure of six R. rugosa genotypes. W, Wild R. rugosa; ZZ, R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; F, R. rugosa 'Fenghua'; P, R. rugosa 'Plena'; S, R. sertata × R. rugosa; ZD, R. rugosa 'Ziduan'.

    • Figure 5. 

      Observation of lower epidermal cells and stomata in six genotypes of R. rugosa leaves. (a) Wild R. rugosa. (b) R. rugosa 'Zizhi'. (c) R. rugosa 'Fenghua'. (d) R. rugosa 'Plena'. (e) R. sertata × R. rugosa. (f) R. rugosa 'Ziduan'. (g) Stomatal density. (h) Stomatal width. (i) Stomatal length. Error bars represent standard error for 10 replicates. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05.

    • Figure 6. 

      Microstructure of the leaves of six R. rugosa genotypes. Leaf mesophyll tissue of: (a) wild R. rugosa; (b) R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; (c) R. sertata × R. rugosa; (d) R. rugosa 'Plena'; (e) R. rugosa 'Ziduan'; (f) R. rugosa 'Fenghua'. Leaf vein structure of: (g) wild R. rugosa; (h) R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; (i) R. sertata × R. rugosa; (j) R. rugosa 'Plena'; (k) R. rugosa 'Ziduan'; (l) R. rugosa 'Fenghua'. Lower epidermal cells and stomata of: (m) wild R. rugosa; (n) R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; (o) R. sertata × R. rugosa; (p) R. rugosa 'Plena'; (q) R. rugosa 'Ziduan'; (r) R. rugosa 'Fenghua'. CUE: Cuticle of upper epidermis; UE: Upper epidermis; LE: Lower epidermis; PP: Palisade; SP: Spongy; X: Xylem; P: Phloem; S: Stomatal apparatus.

    • Figure 7. 

      Characteristics of leaf microstructure of six R. rugosa genotypes. (a) Blade thickness. (b) Palisade tissue thickness. (c) Palisade/blade. (d) Stratum corneum thickness. (e) Upper epidermal cell thickness. (f) Lower epidermal cell thickness. (g) Lower epidermal cell thickness. (h) Lower epidermal cell thickness/width. (i) Area of leaf vein. (j) Thickness of leaf vein. (k) Area of vascular tissue. W, Wild R. rugosa; ZZ, R. rugosa 'Zizhi'; F, R. rugosa 'Fenghua'; P, R. rugosa 'Plena'; S, R. sertata × R. rugosa; ZD, R. rugosa 'Ziduan'. Error bars represent standard error for 10 replicates. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05.

    • PEG-6000 concentrationSoil water potential (kPa)Field water holding capacity
      0% –21.5197.86%
      5% –39.7565.54%
      10%–46.2554.05%
      15%–59.86229.89%

      Table 1. 

      The field water holding capacity after PEG treatment.