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Figure 1. 

Pedigree and elite traits of sugarcane variety YZ05-51.

Figure 2. 

Genetic characteristics of sugarcane variety YZ05-51. (a) seedling stage, (b) elongation stage, (c) maturity stage, (d) plant type, (e) bud, (f) stem, (g) stem longitudinal section, (h) stem transverse section, (i) leaf, (j) leaf sheath, (k) leaf auricle. The original photos were provided by the co-author Dr. Jiayong Liu.

Figure 3. 

Biological basis of high yield and high sugar in YZ05-51. (a), (b) Cane yield and sucrose content of YZ05-51 and ROC22 in the eighth national sugarcane regional trial (2011−2012, two plant-cane crops and one ratoon crop)^[10,11]. t/ha: tons per hectare. Significance (* for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, and *** for p < 0.001) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's new multiple range test of GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. FZ, Fuzhou of Fujian; ZZ, Zhangzhou of Fujian; SX, Suixi of Guangdong; ZJ, Zhanjiang of Guangdong; BS, Baise of Guangxi; CZ, Chongzuo of Guangxi; HC, Hechi of Guangxi; LB, Laibin of Guangxi; LZ, Liuzhou of Guangxi; LG, Lingao of Hainan; BS, Baoshan of Yunnan; KY, Kaiyuan of Yunnan; LC, Lincang of Yunnan; RL, Ruili of Yunnan. (c) Cysteine and methionine metabolism. (d) Carbon fixation and starch/sucrose metabolism. (e) Plant hormone signal transduction. The heat maps represent the expression of DEGs and DAMs in YZ05-51 compared to ROC22. Red/orange and blue/sky-blue colors indicate up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs/DAMs, respectively. cysE, serine O-acetyltransferase; hom, homoserine dehydrogenase; TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase; MTAN, 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases; MtnA, methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase; MtnD, 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase; Rubisco, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; PGK, phosphoglycerate kinase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating); MDH2, malate dehydrogenase 2; β-Glu, beta-glucosidase; endo-Glu, endoglucanase; TPS, trehalose 6-phosphate synthase. BAM, beta-amylase; AUX/IAA, auxin; ARF, auxin response factor; GH3, gretchen hagen 3; SAUR, small auxin up-regulated RNA; A-ARR, type-A Arabidopsis response regulator; GID1, GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1.

Figure 4. 

Biological basis of drought tolerance and disease resistance in YZ05-51. (a) ABA signaling pathway. (b) ROS-related genes and transcription factors (TFs) in YZ05-51 compared to ROC22. (c) Expression patterns of ABA-related, ROS-related, DREB, WRKY, and bZIP genes. (d) Phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. (e) JA, SA, and ET signaling pathways. (f) MAPK signaling pathway. Red/orange and blue/sky-blue colors indicate up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs/DAMs, respectively. The source data of S. spontaneum subjected to drought treatment was obtained from NCBI website under project PRJNA636260^[35,36]. PYR/PYL, abscisic acid receptor PYR/PYL family; PP2C, protein phosphatase 2C; SnRK2, serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; ABF, ABRE binding factors; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; CAT, catalase, SOD, superoxide dismutase. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; COMT, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase; POD, peroxidase; HCT, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; CYP98A, 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase; F3H, naringenin 3-dioxygenase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; CYP75A, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; JAZ, jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein; TGA, transcription factor TGA; MKK9, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 9; XRN4, 5'-3' exoribonuclease 4; MEKK1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1; MKS1, MAP kinase substrate 1; WRKY33, WRKY transcription factor 33; RbohD, respiratory burst oxidase D.