Figures (6)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Average temperature (°C) and monthly precipitation (mm) during the experimental period, from November 2019 to February 2020. Source: INMET[26].

    • Figure 2. 

      Grain yield loss (GYL) of bean cultivars as a function of alexandergrass plant density 35 d after emergence. R2 = Coefficient of determination; MSR = mean square of residuals; * Significant at p ≤ 0.05.

    • Figure 3. 

      Grain yield loss (GYL) of bean cultivars as a function of alexandergrass soil cover 35 d after emergence. R2 = Coefficient of determination; MSR = mean square of the residuals; * Significant at p ≤ 0.05.

    • Figure 4. 

      Grain yield loss (GYL) of bean cultivars as a function of alexandergrass leaf area 35 d after emergence. R2 = Coefficient of determination; MSR = mean square of the residuals; * Significant at p ≤ 0.05.

    • Figure 5. 

      Grain yield loss (GYL) of bean cultivars as a function of alexandergrass shoot dry matter 35 d after emergence. R2 = Coefficient of determination; MSR = mean square of the residuals; * Significant at p ≤ 0.05.

    • Figure 6. 

      Economic damage level (EDL) of alexandergrass densities in bean cultivars as a function of grain yield, cost control, bean price and herbicide efficiency.

    • Bean cultivar Alexandergrass density (m−2)
      IAC Imperador 0, 56, 56, 80, 96, 108, 292, 292, 300, 380, 480 and 560
      IPR Curió 0, 28, 40, 60, 60, 68, 68, 68, 80, 160, 180 and 200
      ANFC9 0, 60, 68, 116, 160, 160, 200, 280, 300, 340, 368 and 480
      IAC Milênio 0, 28, 32, 44, 48, 88, 128, 140, 148, 180, 184 and 232
      IPR Tangará 0, 20, 52, 60, 64, 68, 100, 108, 116, 148, 160 and 240
      IPR Sabiá 0, 40, 60, 68, 80, 92, 104, 112, 128, 148, 280 and 340
      BRS Pérola 0, 28, 40, 56, 68, 80, 84, 128, 148, 160, 168 and 180

      Table 1. 

      Bean cultivars and alexandergrass densities (plants m−2) used in the experiment.

    • Cultivar Cycle Growth habit Architecture
      IAC Imperador 70−75 d Determinate Erect
      IPR Curió 70 d Determinate Erect
      ANFC9 94 d Indeterminate Semi-erect
      IAC Milênio 90−95 d Indeterminate Semi-erect
      IPR Tangará 85−90 d Determinate Erect
      IPR Sabiá 87 d Indeterminate Erect
      BRS Pérola 90 d Indeterminate Semi-erect

      Table 2. 

      Cultivars, cycle, growth habit and architecture of the carioca beans used in the experiment.