Figures (2)  Tables (4)

    • Figure 1. 

      Distribution of major fruit trees in Jiangsu.

    • Figure 2. 

      Orchard production cost structure (per hectare).

    • Tree species Area (hm2) Yield (ton) Main production area
      Peach 48,492.5 973,660.7 Xuzhou, Suqian, Wuxi,
      Zhenjiang, Yancheng, Nanjing
      Pear 32,022.1 775,309.2 Xuzhou, Yancheng,
      Lianyungang, Nantong,
      Nanjing, Suqian
      Grape 31,163.3 653,021.9 Xuzhou, Zhenjiang,
      Changzhou, Lianyungang,
      Yancheng
      Apple 22,335.1 571,645.8 Xuzhou, Suqian,
      Lianyungang
      Strawberry 16,244.6 529,754.2 Nantong, Xuzhou,
      Nanjing, Suqian,
      Yancheng, Zhenjiang
      Other 47,198.7 299,187.1 Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Nantong
      Total 197,456.2 3,802,578.9

      Table 1. 

      Primary cultivation areas and production centers of key fruit trees.

    • Type of machinery Price (CNY¥) Area covered (hm2) Application ratio Note
      Ditching and fertilizing machine 6,000−40,000 3,750 68.6% Small fertilizer tanks, frequent loading, not suitable for mountainous areas
      Plant protection sprayer 1,600−15,000 1,500 86.9% Wide variation across orchards
      Grass cutter 3,000−50,000 2,250 90.8% Mainframe suitable for orchard with large row spacing and low application probability
      Rotary tiller 4,000−20,000 3,450 69.4% Only suitable for larger spacing, destroys shallow roots
      Trenching machine 3,000−7,000 3,450 72.4% Higher use of new parks and fertilizers
      Unmanned spraying machine 3,000−10,000 2,250 87.5% Most tree forms are unsuitable
      Tractor 25,000−50,000 1,500 15.3% Most models are too large
      Tracked transporter 10,000−35,000 600 90.6% Higher garden requirements
      Ditching and fertilizing machine 50,000−9,000 750 90.2% Most models are too large
      Ridge maker 1,500−4,000 7,500 20.3% Mostly used for gardening, mostly not procured
      Branch and twig grinder 1,000−4,000 4,500 6.2% More applications in peach, pear
      Water and fertilizer integrated system 20,000−50,000 5,250 30.8% Most orchard are not equipped

      Table 2. 

      Application of orchard mechanization.

    • Type Yield per kg/hm2 Price out of the garden (CNY¥/kg)
      Peach 22,500−67,500 5−24
      Pear 45,000−112,500 3−24
      Strawberry 37,500−82,500 12−70
      Apple 33,000−52,500 3−8
      Grape 33,000−52,500 8−24
      Loquat 9,000−12,000 24−48
      Waxberry 6,000−13,500 16−28
      Sweet cherry 18,000−28,500 28−44
      Blueberry 15,000−22,500 14−30
      Kiwi 12,000−27,000 12−24

      Table 3. 

      Production and price of major fruit trees.

    • Managerial labour (person/hm2) Average wage of employees (¥/day) Agricultural expenditure (¥/hm2)
      Fertilization 30 Pruning 45 Permanent workers 80−200 Pesticides 15,000−30,000
      Pesticide application 30 Weeding 30 Temporary/seasonal workers Men: 100−200; women: 80−120 Fertilizers 37,500−90,000
      Thinning fruit 45 Harvesting 45−75 Other 120−300 Irrigation facilities 1,500−3,000
      Bagging 45 Other 45 Other 18,000−45,000

      Table 4. 

      Orchard cost expenditures.