Figures (7)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Schematic application of SERS analysis in meat and meat products.

    • Figure 2. 

      Enhancement mechanisms of SERS[34].

    • Figure 3. 

      Label-free SERS detection. (a) Schematic diagram for the detection of in-situ encapsulated active shells[52]. (b) Application of machine learning in Raman spectroscopy analysis[55].

    • Figure 4. 

      Labeled SERS detection. (a) The structure of SERS tags[74]. (b) Capsules encoded with malachite green (MG), crystal violet (CV), Nile blue (NB), Astra blue (AB), and methylene blue (MB)[75]. (c) Raman spectra of reporters[75].

    • Figure 5. 

      Schematic diagram of capturing, detecting, and inactivating bacteria[90].

    • Figure 6. 

      Schematic diagram of using the SERS-LFA system to detect multiple veterinary drugs[109].

    • Figure 7. 

      Schematic diagram of a scalable plasma array gas sensor for multi-dimensional SERS recognition[166].

    • Detection object SERS substrate Method LOD Ref.
      Foodborne pathogens
      E. coli O157:H7 AgNPs SERS-SCIS 1.35 CFU/mL [84]
      E. coli O157:H7 AuNPs SERS 10 CFU/mL [85]
      Salmonella typhimurium AgNPs SERS-SVM / [89]
      Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus pAu/G SERS-Python / [90]
      Foodborne viruses
      H5N1 AgNPs SERS 5.0 × 10−6 TCID50/mL [97]
      H3N2 AuNPs SERS 102 TCID50/mL [98]
      HAdV, H1N1 AgNPs SERS-LFIA 10, 50 PFU/mL [99]
      Veterinary drug residues
      Benzylpenicillin potassium AuNPs SERS / [105]
      Tetracycline OTR202-OTR103 SERS-air PLS 1.120 mg/L [106]
      Marbofloxacin AgNPs SERS 1.7 nmol/L [107]
      Nitroimidazoles AuNPs SERS-TLC 0.1 mg/L [108]
      Multiple veterinary drugs Au@AgNPs SERS-LFA 0.52–6.2 pg/mL [109]
      Food additives
      Nitrite ions AgNPs SERS 0.51 μg/L [118]
      Nitrite AgNPs SERS 15.29 ng/L [120]
      Sodium nitrite AuNPs SERS 3.75–8.11 mg/kg [121]
      Illegal additives
      Acid orange II AuNPs SERS-DFT 1 μg/mL [127]
      Ractopamine AgNPs SERS 10−8 mol/L [131]
      Clenbuterol Au/AuNS SERS-LFIA 0.05 ng/mL [134]
      Biotoxin
      Botulinum neurotoxin type A AgNPs SERS 2.4 ng/mL [139]
      Botulinum toxins A and B AuNPs SERS 5.7 ng/mL (A), 1.3 ng/mL (B) [140]
      BoNT/A AuNPs SERS-LFIA 0.1 ng/mL [141]

      Table 1. 

      Applications of SERS in detection of meat hazards and additives.