Efficacy of aqueous extracts from three plants in controlling cabbage aphid [<i>Brevicoryne brassicae</i> L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] on field-grown cabbage (<i>Brassica oleraceae</i> L.)

Mst. Samia Sultana; Md. Abul Kalam Azad; Naoto Shimizu; G. M Masud Rana; Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin; Mst. Samia Sultana; Md. Abul Kalam Azad; Naoto Shimizu; G. M Masud Rana; Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin

doi:10.48130/tihort-0024-0022

Figures (2) Tables (4)

Figure 1.
Effect of plant extracts on the number of aphids/leaf on field grown cabbage at 45 DAT. Different letters within the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05; DAT= Days after transplanting; EC= Emulsifiable concentrate.
Figure 2.
Effect of plant extracts on the number of aphids/leaf on field grown cabbage at 60 DAT. Different letters within the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05; DAT= Days after transplanting; EC= Emulsifiable concentrate.

Treatment	Number of leaves per plant	Plant spread (cm)	Head diameter (cm)	Head weight (kg)/plant
Control	22.12 ± 1.58^de	32.75 ± 4.07^fg	10.81 ± 0.31^ab	2.17 ± 0.28^de
Jute seed (5%)	12.91 ± 0.66^f	20.73 ± 1.20^h	7.20 ± 0.50^ab	1.26 ± 3.40^f
Jute seed (10%)	21.76 ± 8.09^ef	32.21 ± 2.41^fg	10.74 ± 0.51^ab	2.56 ± 1.01^cd
Jute seed (20%)	23.95 ± 4.72^bc	35.46 ± 2.53^ef	12.31 ± 0.92^bc	2.66 ± 0.68^bc
Bottle gourd leaves (10%)	23.44 ± 1.71^ef	34.69 ± 4.31^ef	11.45 ± 0.01^a	2.47 ± 0.27^cd
Bottle gourd leaves (20%)	24.80 ± 5.64^de	36.69 ± 9.11^de	12.80 ± 0.82^bc	2.45 ± 0.50^cd
Bottle gourd leaves (30%)	30.58 ± 0.53^a	45.80 ± 1.45^a	15.11 ± 0.9^bc	3.30 ± 0.72^a
Bottle gourd leaves (40%)	27.37 ± 9.90^de	40.52 ± 3.21^bc	13.37 ± 0.82^bc	2.80 ± 4.41^fg
Lemon peel (10%)	29.57 ± 7.26^bc	40.82 ± 6.14^bc	14.44 ± 0.81^bc	3.15 ± 0.55^ab
Lemon peel (20%)	27.43 ± 0.38^ab	43.77 ± 3.18^ab	13.56 ± 0.46^ab	3.12 ± 1.47^ab
Lemon peel (30%)	21.49 ± 2.70^cd	31.80 ± 2.23^g	11.04 ± 0.18^a	2.12 ± 0.52^a
Lemon peel (40%)	28.11 ± 0.61^ab	41.60 ± 3.10^ab	13.82 ± 0.54^ab	2.84 ± 0.50^ab
Malathion 57 EC	25.96 ± 1.92^ab	38.42 ± 4.61^cd	12.67 ± 0.90^bc	2.52 ± 0.62^bc
p value	<0.0001**	<0.0001**	<0.0001**	<0.0001**
F value	17.664	46.541	8.644	4.892
DF	12	12	12	12
Different letters within the same column indicate significant difference at p < 0.05; ** significance at p ≤ 0.01; DAT= Days After Transplanting; EC = Emulsifiable Concentrate.

Table 1.

Effects of plant extracts on number of leaves per plant, plant spread, head diameter, and head weight/plant of field-grown cabbage.

Treatment	Aphid abundance (number/plant)		Abundance (%) over Malathion 57 EC
Treatment	45 DAT	60 DAT	45 DAT	60 DAT
Control	198.99 ± 7.54^a	156.99 ± 2.40^a	+8.15	+24.60
Jute seed (5%)	174.00 ± 8.19^a	140.01 ± 8.84^ab	−5.43	+11.12
Jute seed (10%)	192.00 ± 9.07^a	167.01 ± 6.36^a	+4.35	+32.55
Jute seed (20%)	108.00 ± 7.94^ab	81.99 ± 4.81^bcdef	−41.30	−34.93
Bottle gourd leaves (10%)	48.00 ± 4.62^b	26.01 ± 0.88^f	−73.91	−79.36
Bottle gourd leaves (20%)	59.01 ± 5.21^b	62.01 ± 5.93^ef	−67.93	−50.79
Bottle gourd leaves (30%)	132.00 ± 21.66^ab	66.99 ± 4.91^def	−28.26	−46.83
Bottle gourd leaves (40%)	105.00 ± 10.26^ab	78.99 ± 9.02^bcdef	−42.93	−37.30
Lemon peel (10%)	135.99 ± 13.37^ab	113.01 ± 9.68^abcde	−26.09	−10.31
Lemon peel (20%)	149.01 ± 17.82^ab	119.01 ± 7.17^abcde	−19.01	−5.55
Lemon peel (30%)	143.01 ± 11.26^ab	135.99 ± 7.26^abc	−22.27	+7.93
Lemon peel (40%)	152.01 ± 3.33^ab	132.99 ± 3.84^abc	−17.38	+5.55
Malathion 57 EC	183.99 ± 6.64^a	126.00 ± 5.20^abcd	−	−
p value	<0.0001**	<0.0001**	−	−
F value	2.051	4.741	−	−
DF	12	12	−	−
Different letters within the same column indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05; ** significance at p ≤ 0.01; DAT = Days After Transplanting; EC = Emulsifiable Concentrate; Increased (+) aphid abundance compared with that in Malathion 57 EC group; Reduced aphid abundance (−) compared with that in Malathion 57 EC group.

Table 2.

Abundance of aphids in treatment groups, control group, and Malathion 57 EC group, and abundance of aphids (%) over that in the Malathion 57 EC group.

Treatment	Yield (kg/plot)	Yield (mt/ha)	Yield over control (%)	Yield over Malathion 57 EC (%)
Control	17.36	80.37	−	−13.90
Jute seed (5%)	10.08	46.67	−42	−50
Jute seed (10%)	20.48	94.81	+17.97	+1.58
Jute seed (20%)	21.28	98.53	+22.58	+5.56
Bottle gourd leaves (10%)	19.76	91.49	+13.83	−1.98
Bottle gourd leaves (20%)	19.60	90.75	+12.90	−2.77
Bottle gourd leaves (30%)	26.40	122.23	+52.07	+30.95
Bottle gourd leaves (40%)	22.40	103.71	+29.03	+11.11
Lemon peel (10%)	25.20	116.68	+45.16	+25.01
Lemon peel (20%)	24.96	115.57	+43.78	+23.82
Lemon peel (30%)	16.96	78.53	−2.29	−15.87
Lemon peel (40%)	22.72	105.19	+30.88	+12.70
Malathion 57 EC	20.16	93.34	+16.13	−
Increased (+) yield compared with control and Malathion 57 EC; Decreased (−) yield compared with control and Malathion 57 EC.

Table 3.

Effects of plant extracts on yield per plot and yield over that of the control and Malathion 57 EC groups.

Name of the compounds	Molecular formula	Retention time	Molecular weight (g/mol)	% of composition
1,3,6,10-Dodecatetraene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (Z, E)-	C₁₅H₂₄	14.369	93.00	2.557
Hexadecanal	C₁₆H₃₂O	22.775	57.00	2.109
Dodecane, 1,1-dimethoxy-	C₁₄H₃₀O₂	26.991	75.00	6.363
Hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl-, methyl ester	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	28.213	74.00	4.346
Cyclopropanepentanoic acid, 2-undecyl-, methyl ester, trans-	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	31.927	55.00	1.293
Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-, acetate	C₁₂H₁₄O₃	12.329	164.00	16.666
Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	28.217	74.00	2.748
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-ethylhe	C₂₀H₃₀O₄	28.827	149.00	6.532
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E, E)-	C₁₉H₃₄O₂	31.795	67.00	17.713
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₆O₂	31.950	55.00	4.697
Undecanoic acid, 10-methyl-, methyl ester	C₁₃H₂₆O₂	28.197	74.00	6.294
Phytol	C₂₀H₄₀O	32.134	71.00	12.015
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester	C₁₆H₂₂O₄	26.554	149.00	16.667

Table 4.

Thirteen (methanol-soluble) compounds detected in bottle gourd leaf extract by GC−MS.