Figures (3)  Tables (4)

    • Figure 1. 

      DSS in different eras. CRC, colorectal cancer; DSS, disease-specific survival.

    • Figure 2. 

      DSS (a, c) and DFS (b, d) by stages for the laparoscopic colon and rectal cancer. DSS, disease-specific survival; DFS, disease-free survival; RC, rectum cancer.

    • Figure 3. 

      DSS (a, c) and DFS (b, d) by stages for the open surgery colon and rectal cancer. DSS, disease-specific survival; DFS, disease-free survival; RC, rectum cancer.

    • CC, n/241 % RC, n/108 %
      Age at diagnosis
         < 70 years 89 37 57 53
        70–80 years 107 44 36 33
         > 80 years 45 19 15 14
      BMI Median (IQR)
        Male 26.2 (24–29) 25.6 (24–28)
        Female 25.7 (23–30) 27.3 (23–30)
      Sex
        Male 126 52 66 61
        Female 115 48 42 39
      ASA
        Ⅰ 7 2.9 1 0.9
        Ⅱ 74 31 40 37
        Ⅲ 118 49 48 44
        Ⅳ 26 11 11 10
        Missing data 16 6.6 8 7.4
      ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CC, colon cancer; RC, rectal cancer.

      Table 1. 

      Patient characteristics

    • CC patients RC patients
      n/241 % n/108 %
      30-d mortality 2 0.8 3 2.8
      90-d mortality 2 0.8 4 3.7
      30-d reoperation rate 21 8.7 22 20
      Clavien-Dindo classification
        Ⅲa 18 7.5 20 19
        Ⅲb 21 8.4 22 20
        Ⅳ 4 1.7 2 1.9
        Ⅴ 4 1.7 3 2.8
      CC, colon cancer; RC, rectal cancer.

      Table 2. 

      Combined laparoscopic and open surgery postoperative complications

    • CC RC
      n/241 % n/108 %
      Tumor grade
        1 56 25.2 34 31
        2 120 54.1 54 50
        3 41 18.5 19 18
        Missing data 1 1.0
      Tumor stage
        Ⅰ 91 38 42 39
        Ⅱ 66 27 23 21
        Ⅲ 45 19 20 19
        Ⅳ 38 16 23 20
        Missing data 1 0.5 1 1.0
      T Class
        1 21 8.7 8 7.4
        2 82 34 35 32
        3 73 30 36 33
        4 61 25 25 23
        Missing data 4 1.7 4 3.7
      Lymph nodes
        0 170 71 69 64
        1 53 22 26 24
        2 16 6.6 12 11
        Missing data 2 0.8 1 1.0
      Number of harvested lymph nodes (mean) 11 12
      Distal metastases
        Negative 200 83 86 80
        Positive 40 17 22 19
        Missing data 1 0.4 1 1.0
      CC, colon cancer; RC, rectal cancer.

      Table 3. 

      Tumor characteristics

    • Laparoscopic Open surgery
      CC Patients, n 5-year DSS, % HR 95% CI Patients, n 5-year DSS, % HR 95% CI
      Stage Ⅰ 55 83.3 1.0 Reference 36 91.8 1 Reference
      Stage Ⅱ 43 89.8 0.8 0.2–3.4 23 90.7 1.7 0.2–12.3
      Stage Ⅲ 29 76.6 2.0 0.6–7.0 16 75.0 8.4 1.7–41.8
      5-year DFS, % 5-year DFS, %
      Stage Ⅰ 55 89.9 1 Reference 36 88.1 1 Reference
      Stage Ⅱ 43 82.9 2.6 0.7–8.7 22 80.3 2.6 0.7–9.3
      Stage Ⅲ 29 60.7 5.3 1.6–17.5 16 62.5 4.6 1.3–16.4
      Laparoscopic Open surgery
      RC Patients, n 3-year DSS, % HR 95% CI Patients, n 3-year DSS, % HR 95% CI
      Stage Ⅰ 28 91.1 1 Reference 14 90.0 1 Reference
      Stage Ⅱ 11 100 0.0 0.0 12 83.3 5.5 0.6–47.2
      Stage Ⅲ 14 85.7 1.1 0.1–10.7 6 60.0 22.7 2.1–239.3
      3-year DFS, % 3-year DFS, %
      Stage Ⅰ 28 84.6 1 Reference 14 72.5 1 Reference
      Stage Ⅱ 11 100 0.0 0.1 12 90.1 0.8 0.2–3.6
      Stage Ⅲ 14 77.1 2.2 0.6–8.0 6 80.0 0.7 0.1–6.2
      No statistical difference between laparoscopic and open surgery groups within stages; data not shown. CC, colon cancer; RC, rectal cancer; DSS, disease-specific survival; DFS, disease-free survival; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

      Table 4. 

      Long-term oncological results from laparoscopic and open surgery for colon and rectal cancer