Figures (10)  Tables (5)

    • Figure 1. 

      Elevation view and cross section dimensions of the four frames under study.

    • Figure 2. 

      Overview of the damage distribution: study of β factor influence.

    • Figure 3. 

      Calculated and estimated global damage: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Figure 4. 

      Classification of ΔDGLOBAL according to the damage category: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Figure 5. 

      Component damage: (a) Beams; (b) columns; (c) lower stories; (d) upper stories.

    • Figure 6. 

      (DCALC) vs (DEST) global damage: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Figure 7. 

      Difference between DCALC and DEST according to the damage category: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Figure 8. 

      Calculated vs estimated global damage: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Figure 9. 

      Difference between DCALC and DEST according to the damage category: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Figure 10. 

      Calculated vs estimated global damage: (a) 4-story; (b) 6-story; (c) 8-story frames.

    • Event Damage
      Story Beam Columns
      1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
      S_GV 1 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.15 0.15
      2 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.15 0.15
      3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.15 0.15
      4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.1 0.1
      5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.1 0.1
      6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.1 0.1
      S_SV 1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
      2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
      3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
      4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
      5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
      6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
      U_LS 1 0.4 0.2 0.15 0.35 0.3 0.35 0.25 0.2 0.3
      2 0.35 0.25 0.15 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.2 0.1 0.25
      3 0.15 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.15
      4 0.1 0.1
      5
      6
      U_HS 1
      2
      3 0.1
      4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.25 0.2 0.25 0.25
      5 0.35 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1
      6 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.2 0.15

      Table 1. 

      Damage pattern of the 6-story frame, for low-medium (LW) levels of damage.

    • N Earthquake Year Station (component) Mw PGA (g)
      1 Imperial Valley 1940 El Centro (180) 7.0 0.31
      2 Loma Prieta 1989 Corralitos (000) 6.9 0.64
      3 San Fernando 1971 Castaic (021) 6.6 0.32
      4 Kobe 1995 Takaratzuka (000) 6.9 0.69
      5 Erzincan 1992 Erzincan (NS) 6.9 0.52
      6 Northridge 1994 Canyon country (270) 6.7 0.48

      Table 2. 

      Ground motion events selected for the validation analysis.

    • GM Damage
      Story Beam Colunm
      1 2 1 2 3
      Erzincan 1 0.68 0.51 0 0.32 0
      2 0.59 0.18 0 0.48 0
      3 0 0 0 0.21 0
      4 0 0 0 0 0
      Loma Prieta 1 0.8 0.84 0.61 0.78 0.62
      2 0.85 0.82 0 0.86 0
      3 0.79 0.66 0.47 0.89 0.35
      4 0 0 0 0 0

      Table 3. 

      Examples of damage arrangements obtained for the 4-story frame.

    • GM Damage
      Story Beam Colunm
      1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
      San Fernando 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      5 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0 0 0 0 0
      6 0.52 0.44 0.46 0.55 0 0 0 0 0
      Northridge 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      2 0.45 0.41 0.4 0.48 0 0 0 0 0
      3 0.5 0.51 0.51 0.52 0 0 0 0 0
      4 0.58 0.54 0.54 0.58 0 0 0 0 0
      5 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0 0 0 0 0
      6 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.78 0 0 0 0 0

      Table 4. 

      Examples of damage arrangements obtained for the 6-story frame.

    • GM Damage
      Story Beam Column
      1 2 3 1 2 3 4
      Imperial Valley 1 0.78 0.78 0.77 0 0 0 0
      2 0.72 0.73 0.7 0 0 0 0
      3 0.62 0.67 0.6 0 0 0 0
      4 0.74 0.75 0.7 0 0 0 0
      5 0.83 0.81 0.8 0 0 0 0
      6 0.85 0.84 0.82 0 0 0 0
      7 0.8 0.8 0.76 0 0 0 0
      8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Northridge 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      4 0 0.09 0 0 0 0 0
      5 0 0.12 0.24 0 0 0 0
      6 0.29 0.25 0.21 0 0 0 0
      7 0.82 0.79 0.79 0 0 0 0
      8 0.55 0.45 0.57 0 0.71 0.64 0

      Table 5. 

      Examples of damage arrangements obtained for the 8-story frame.