Figures (1)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Characteristics of the E. ulmoides, bark, and leaves. (a) The morphology of the adult E. ulmoides. (b) Gums contained in the bark of E. ulmoides. (c) Gums contained in the leaf of E. ulmoides.

    • Compound name Molecular formula Molecular structural formula Main existing parts Pharmacology Ref.
      Phenolic acid monomer compounds Chlorogenic acid C16H18O9 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers Antioxidant,
      anti-inflammatory,
      anti-tumor, etc      		 [11]
      Protocatechuic acid C7H6O4 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [12]
      Caffeic acid C9H8O4 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [13]
      Cyclohexene ether terpenes Geniposidic acid C16H22O10 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers Anti-inflammatory, promoting wound healing, diuresis, etc. [13]
      Aucubin C15H22O9 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [14]
      Asperuloside C18O11H22 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [13]
      Geniposide C17H24O10 Leaves, bark, male flowers [13]
      Flavonoids Quercetin C15H10O7 Leaves, fruit pods, male flowers Antioxidant, blood lipid-lowering, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, etc.
      		 [12]
      Kaempferol C15H10O6 Leaves, fruit pods, male flowers [11,15]
      Rutin C27H30O16 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [11]
      Astragalin C21H20O11 Leaves, male flowers [11]
      Hyperoside C21H20O12 Leaves, bark [16]
      Catechin C15H14O6 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [17]
      Lignans Pinoresinol C20H22O6 Leaves, bark Blood pressure-lowering, neuroprotective, etc. [18]
      Olivil C20H24O7 Leaves, bark [18]
      Pinoresinol diglucoside C32H42O16 Leaves, bark, fruit pods, male flowers [13]

      Table 1. 

      Key active components, main existing parts, and pharmacological effects of E. ulmoides.