Figures (4)  Tables (4)

    • Figure 1. 

      Nigella sativa flowers and seeds.

    • Figure 2. 

      (a) Ethanol BCO. (b) n-Hexane BCO. (c) Methanol BCSO.

    • Figure 3. 

      Influence of edible coating stored at room temperature, on (a) physiological weight loss, (b) pH value, (c) total soluble solids, and (d) titratable acidity.

    • Figure 4. 

      Images of edible coated lemons on the (a) 0, (b) 3rd, (c) 6th, (d) 9th, and (e) 12th of storage periods.

    • Solvent used Sample weight (g) Boiling temperature (°C)
      Ethanol 20 78
      n-hexane 20 64
      Methanol 20 69

      Table 1. 

      Solvents used for oil extraction.

    • Parameters Percentage
      Moisture 5.60% ± 0.25%
      Ash 4.30% ± 0.28%
      Essential oil 0.30% ± 0.01%
      Crude fat 34.40% ± 0.51%
      Protein 21.70% ± 0.25%
      Crude fibre 7.80% ± 0.15%
      * Data presented as mean values for triplicates ± SD.

      Table 2. 

      Proximate analysis of black cumin seeds.

    • Solvent used Oil recovery
      Ethanol 36.00%
      n-hexane 39.56%
      Methanol 32.30%

      Table 3. 

      Black cumin oil yield using different solvents.

    • Oil sample Moisture (%) Viscosity Refractive index FFA (as oleic) % Iodine Value Saponification value Peroxide value
      Ethanol 4.46 ± 0.05a 70.33 ± 0.57a 1.45 ± 0.004a 13.88 ± 0.03a 112.1 ± 0.1a 205.19 ± 0.03a 9.16 ± 0.01a
      n-hexane 4.06 ± 0.05a 65.3 ± 0.50b 1.43 ± 0.001b 13.20 ± 0.02b 123 ± 1.00b 188.25 ± 0.02b 8.14 ± 0.01b
      Methanol 3.97 ± 0.06a 51.0 ± 1.00c 1.42 ± 0.002c 19.27 ± 0.02c 101.6 ± 1.15c 208.17 ± 0.02c 13.7 ± 0.02c
      * Data presented as mean values for triplicates ± SD. Mean values followed by the same letter superscripts in a column are not significantly different (n = 3, p < 0.05).

      Table 4. 

      Quality analysis of black cumin seed oil.