Figures (2)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      RAxML tree based on a combined dataset of analyzed ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α sequences. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 60%, Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP) equal to or greater than 0.95 are shown as MLB/BYPP above the nodes. The new isolate is in red; ex-type strains are in bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site.

    • Figure 2. 

      Oxydothis ailaoshanensis (HKAS 130464, holotype). (a) Substrate. (b), (c) Ascomata on the host surface. (d) Section of an ascoma. (e) Close up of ostiole. (f) Peridium. (g) Paraphyses. (h)–(j) Asci (j = Asci in Melzer's reagent showing J+, apical apparatus, arrow showing short pedicel). (k)–(o) Ascospores. (o = Ascospore in Congo Red). Scale bars: (c) 200 μm, (e) 50 μm, (f, g) 10 μm, (h–j) 50 μm, (k–o) 20 μm.

    • Species name Strain no. GenBank accession no.
      ITS LSU SSU tef1-α
      Oxydothis ailaoshanensis HKAS 130464T PQ635200 PQ587528 PQ587530 PQ584438
      O. ailaoshanensis HKAS 130465IST PQ635201 PQ587529 PQ587531 PQ584439
      O. calamicola MFLUCC 14-1165T NA KY206761 KY206767 NA
      O. caryotae HKAS 115712T PP592449 PP621075 PP639207 PP761002
      O. chinensis ZHKUCC 22-0134T OR164912 OR164957 NA NA
      O. coperniciae CMUB 40043T PP278359 PP278849 PP278850 NA
      O. cyrtostachicola MRC0007T DQ660334 DQ660337 NA NA
      O. daemonoropsicola MRC 0005 DQ660335 DQ660338 NA NA
      O. dehongensis ZHKU 23-0986T PP580831 PP002130 PP002127 PP001172
      O. dehongensis ZHKU 23-0987 PP580832 PP002131 PP002128 PP001173
      O. dehongensis ZHKU 23-0988 NA PP002132 PP002129 PP001174
      O. foliata MFLU 24-0165T PP592450 PP621076 PP639208 PP761003
      O. fortunei GMBC0315T NR_187011 NG_228961 NA NA
      O. fortunei GMBC0389 ON510944 ON510945 NA NA
      O. frondicola HKUCC 3173/Mt14 AF009803 AY083835 AY083818 NA
      O. garethjonesii MFLUCC 15-0287T KY206773 KY206762 KY206768 KY206777
      O. hohnelli HKUCC 3854 NA DQ810227 DQ810259 NA
      O. inaequalis MRC0004T DQ660336 DQ660339 NA NA
      O. metroxylonicola MFLUCC 15-0281T KY206774 KY206763 KY206769 NA
      O. metroxylonis MFLUCC 15-0283T KY206775 KY206764 KY206770 KY206779
      O. narathiwatensis MFLUCC 24-0085T PP824654 PP824658 PP824659 NA
      O. palmae HKAS 115711T PP592451 PP621077 PP639209 PP761004
      O. palmicola MFLUCC 15-0806T KY206776 KY206765 KY206771 NA
      O. phoenicis MFLUCC 18-0269T MK088065 MK088061 MK088063 MK087667
      O. phoenicis MFLUCC 18-0270IS MK088066 MK088062 MK088064 MK087668
      O. pyriforme HKAS 115710T PP592452 PP621078 PP639210 PP761005
      O. rhapidicola MFLUCC 14-0616T NA KY206766 KY206772 NA
      O. sinensis GZCC21-0240T PP592453 PP621079 PP639211 PP761006
      Oxydothis sp. JHGB17 3A MH268015 NA NA NA
      Oxydothis sp. IFO 32218 NA DQ810225 DQ810261 NA
      Oxydothis sp. E04B-2 PP592454 PP621080 PP639212 NA
      O. yunnanensis GZUCC 0127T ON176681 ON176684 NA NA
      Vialaea mangiferae MFLUCC 12-0808T KF724974 KF724975 NA NA
      V. minutella BRIP 56959 KC181926 KC181924 NA NA
      Superscripts 'T' and 'IST' represent the type and isotype strains. Newly generated sequences are indicated in bold. 'NA' sequences are unavailable.

      Table 1. 

      Names, strain numbers, and GenBank accession numbers of the taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses.

    • Species name Host Family Country Ref.
      Oxydothis acutata Orania spp. Arecaceae Philippines [31]
      O. aequalis Bamboo, Calamus sp. Arecaceae, Poaceae Australia, Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines [31,57]
      O. alexandrarum Archontophoenix alexandrae Arecaceae Australia [31,58]
      O. angustispora Licuala ramsayi Arecaceae Australia, Brunei, Thailand [57−59]
      O. asiatica Calamus flabellatus, Daemonorops sparsiflorus, Licuala sp. Arecaceae Australia, Brunei, China (Hong Kong) [57,60,61]
      O. asymmetrica Calamus conirostris Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. atypica Licuala longicalycata Arecaceae Thailand [62]
      O. atypica Licuala longicalycata Arecaceae Thailand [59]
      O. australiensis Archontophoenix sp. Arecaceae Australia [31]
      O. bambusicola Indocalamus sp. Poaceae China (Hong Kong) [18]
      O. batuapoiensis Daemonorops oxycarpa Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. belalongensis Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. bruneiensis Calamus sp., Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. calami Calamus sp., Salacca wallichiana Arecaceae Australia, Burma, China (Hong Kong), Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines [31,57,60,61,63]
      O. calamicola Calamus sp. Arecaceae Thailand [20]
      O. caryotae Caryota sp. Arecaceae China (Guangdong Province) [29]
      O. chinensis Pandanus sp. Arecaceae China (Guangdong Province) [27]
      O. circularis Myrsine sp. Primulaceae Brazil [31]
      O. coperniciae Copernicia alba Arecaceae Thailand [28]
      O. cyrtospora Licuala ramsayi Arecaceae Australia [57]
      O. cyrtostachicola Cyrtostachys renda Arecaceae Thailand [19]
      O. daemonoropis Daemonorops sp. Arecaceae Philippines [31]
      O. daemonoropsicola Daemonorops margaritae Arecaceae Australia, China (Hong Kong), Malaysia, Thailand [57,58,60,61]
      O. dispariapicis Daemonorops oxycarpa Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. elaeicola Calamus sp., Elaeis sp., Livistona sp., Pandanus sp. Arecaceae Brazil, China (Hong Kong, Taiwan), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Honduras, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania [31,60,64−67]
      O. elaeidis Elaeis sp. Arecaceae China (Taiwan), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zaire [31,60,65,66]
      O. extensa Licuala ramsayi Arecaceae Australia [57]
      O. foliata Licuala sp. Arecaceae Thailand [29]
      O. fortunei Trachycarpus fortunei Arecaceae China (Guizhou Province) [26]
      O. froehlichii Calamus radicalis Arecaceae Australia [31]
      O. froehlichiae Calamus sp., Linospadix sp. Arecaceae Australia [31]
      O. frondicola Licuala sp., Archontophoenix sp. Arecaceae Australia, Malaysia, Thailand [31,58,59]
      O. garethjonesii Eleais sp. Arecaceae Thailand [20]
      O. gigantea Palm Arecaceae Australia, Indonesia [31,58]
      O. grisea Arenga sp., Calamus sp., Heliconia sp., Licuala sp., Ptychosperma sp. Arecaceae China (Taiwan), Malaysia, Indonesia, Venezuela [31,59,66,68]
      O. hoehnelii Arenga sp., Calamus sp., Licuala sp. Arecaceae Philippines [31,59−61]
      O. hongkongensis Daemonorops sp., Calamus sp. Arecaceae Australia, China (Hong Kong) [57,60,61]
      O. ianei Trachycarpus sp. Arecaceae China (Hubei Province), UK [58]
      O. inaequalis Wallichia siamensis Arecaceae Thailand [19]
      O. insignis Eugenia sp. Myrtaceae Brazil [31]
      O. licualae Archontophoenix sp., Calamus sp., Jessenia sp., Licuala sp. Arecaceae Australia, China (Hong Kong), Ecuador, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand [31,57−60]
      O. licualicola Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei, Myanmar [57,63]
      O. linospadicis Linospadix microcarya Arecaceae Australia [30,31]
      O. livistonae Licuala sp., Livistona sp. Arecaceae Brunei, Philippines, Thailand [31,57,59,69]
      O. livistonica Calamus sp., Licuala sp., Livistona sp. Arecaceae China (Hong Kong), Japan, Thailand [31,57,59−61]
      O. livistonicola Licuala sp. Arecaceae Australia [57]
      O. luteaspora Calamus sp. Arecaceae Australia [31]
      O. maculosa Palm Arecaceae Indonesia [31,70]
      O. magnicolla Calamus sp., Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei [56]
      O. manokwariensis Calamus sp., Daemonorops sp. Arecaceae China (Hong Kong), Indonesia [31,57,60]
      O. maquilingiana Daemonorops sp. Arecaceae Philippines [31]
      O. mauritiae Mauritia flexuosa Arecaceae Ecuador [57]
      O. megalospora Calamus sp. Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. metroxylonis Metroxylon sagu Arecaceae Thailand [20]
      O. miscanthicola Miscanthus floridulus Poaceae China (Hong Kong) [54]
      O. narathiwatensis Eleiodoxa conferta Arecaceae Thailand [56]
      O. nigra Archontophoenix sp., Licuala sp., Livistona sp. Arecaceae Australia, China (Hong Kong), Malaysia [31,58,60,61]
      O. nigricans Ptychosperma sp. Arecaceae Indonesia [12]
      O. nonamyloidea Livistona sp. Arecaceae Indonesia [31]
      O. nonspecifica Calamus sp., Licuala sp. Arecaceae Australia, Brunei [57]
      O. nontincta Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. nypae Nypa fruticans Arecaceae Brunei [31]
      O. nypicola Nypa fruticans Arecaceae Brunei [31]
      O. obducens Calamus sp., Linospadix microcarya Arecaceae Australia, China (Hong Kong) [31,57,60,61]
      O. oedema Mauritia flexuosa Arecaceae Brunei, China (Hong Kong), Guiana, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles [31,57,58,60,61]
      O. opaca Rhopalostylis sp., Ripogonum sp. Arecaceae New Zealand [31,73]
      O. oraniopsidis Calamus sp., Laccospadix sp., Licuala sp., Oraniopsis sp. Arecaceae Australia, India, Thailand [31,57,59]
      O. palmae Licuala sp. Arecaceae China (Guangdong Province) [29]
      O. palmicola Eleais guineensis Arecaceae Thailand [20]
      O. pandani Pandanus sp. Arecaceae China (Hong Kong), French Polynesia, Tubuai, United States [31,60,61]
      O. pandanicola Livistona chinensis, Pandanus sp., Pritchardia sp. Arecaceae Indonesia, Philippines, United States [31,57,60,61]
      O. parasitica Licuala ramsayi Arecaceae Australia [30,31,57]
      O. parvula Calamus sp., Orania sp., Phoenix sp. Arecaceae China (Hong Kong), Philippines [31,57,60,61]
      O. perangusta Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. phoenicis Phoenix paludosa Arecaceae Thailand [22]
      O. poliothea Palm Arecaceae Venezuela [31]
      O. pusillispora Licuala sp. Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. pyriforme Licuala sp. Arecaceae China (Guangdong Province) [29]
      O. ragae Palm Arecaceae Indonesia [31]
      O. ragae Arenga sp. Arecaceae China (Hong Kong), Irian Jaya [31,60,61]
      O. rattanica Calamus sp., Daemonorops sp., Eleiodoxa sp. Arecaceae Brunei, China (Hong Kong), Thailand [57,60]
      O. rattanicola Calamus sp., Daemonorops sp. Arecaceae Australia, China (Hong Kong) [57]
      O. rhapidicola Rhapis excelsa Arecaceae Thailand [20]
      O. rhopalostylidis Rhopalostylis sapida Arecaceae New Zealand [23]
      O. rimicolla Calamus pogonacanthus Arecaceae Brunei [57]
      O. rubella Calamus sp. Arecaceae Australia [31,57,70]
      O. sabalensis Sabal sp., Serenoa sp. Arecaceae USA [71,31]
      O. saltuensis Archontophoenix sp., Cocos nucifera, Licuala sp., Livistona sp. Arecaceae Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Sri Lanka [31,57,58]
      O. selenosporellae Rhopalostylis sapida Arecaceae New Zealand [23,31,72,73]
      O. sinensis Livistona chinensis Arecaceae China (Guangdong Province) [29]
      O. tayabensis Calamus sp. Arecaceae Philippines [31]
      O. uniseriata Calamus radicalis Arecaceae Australia [57]
      O. wallichianensis Wallichia siamensis Arecaceae Thailand [19]

      Table 2. 

      Host occurrences and distribution of all known Oxydothis species.