-
Figure 1.
The basic skeleton structure of cucurbitacin (adapted from Ma[7]).
-
Figure 2.
Cucurbitacin biosynthesis process (adapted from Ma[7]). FPS: Fanesyl pyrophosphate synthase; SQS: Squalene synthase; SQE: Oxidoqualene synthase; OSC: Oxidoqualene cyclase; P450: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; ACT: Acetyltransferase. The dotted line indicates that there are multiple steps involved.
-
Figure 3.
Cucurbitacin B, C, and E gene clusters (adapted from Ma[7]). Orange squares represent OSC family genes, pink squares represent ACT genes, and blue squares represent CYP450 family genes.
-
Species Chr Molecular marker Primer sequence (5'-3') Populations Ref. Cucumber 6 SSR02309 (1.7 cm), SSR00004 (2.2 cm) SSR02309-F: TGAAATGCCTCTGCAATGAC 9110Gt (bibi) × 9930 (BiBi)→RILs [9] SSR02309-R: TCATGACTAGACACGCCAGC SSR00004-F: TTCATTGCAAAGCACACACA SSR00004-R: TGAAAAGAGGGAACAAAAGCA 5 E23M66-101 (5 cm), E25M65-213
(4 cm)E23: GACTGCGTACCAATTCTA 931 (Bt) × 932 (bt)→F2 [42] M66: GATGAGTCCTGAGTA E25: GACTGCGTACCAATTCTG M65: GATGAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG 5 SSR10795 (0.8 cm), SSR07081 (2.5 cm) SSR10795-F: CATCAAAATACCTCCATCTCCA 46GBt (BiBiBtBt) × 931 (BiBibtbt)→F2 [67] SSR10795-R: GCATGAATAGCATGGGGTTT SSR07081-F: GGCGACTTTGGAGTGTAACAA SSR07081-R: GGAAAGATATTCTCAGGGAATCTAA 6 SSR0004 (1.9 cm), SSR02309 (3.3 cm) − 9110Gt (bi-1bi-1) × 9930 (Bi-1Bi-1)→RILs [10] 5 SSR12291 (1.9 cm), SSR02118 (1.8 cm) SSR12291-F: CGCACGAGAACCTTTATTGA D9320 (Bt) × D0432-2-2 (bt)→BC1 [36] SSR12291-R: TCACATCAAATTAACACTTTCATCTC SSR02118-F: TGGATTGTCATCTCATTGGC SSR02118-R: GGTGAGTGGTAATTTTATGAATTTTG Melon 2, 5 2mBiPr21619699, 2mBiPr21653588, 5mBiPr20403004, 5mBiPr20822407, and 5mBiPr21331862 2mBiPr21619699-F: AATGGCATAACCTTTCACCT C68 (Bt) × C69 (bt)→BC1 [45] 2mBiPr21619699-R: CTTTCTATCACCAACCGACT 2mBiPr21653588-F: TTATCTAAGTTTCCTCGGTC 2mBiPr21653588-R: CTTCAACTTGGATGTTTTCT 5mBiPr20403004-F: GGAATAGGAATAGGAAGAATGT 5mBiPr20403004-R: AAAAGGGTTAATGATAAGAGAC 5mBiPr20822407-F: TAGGTTTAACCTGTTTTCACC 5mBiPr20822407-R: GCATACAAAGCATTTTTTCTT 5mBiPr21331862-F: ATGGTGAGCATTGTTTTCGA 5mBiPr21331862-R: TCTTTTGGGTCTTGGGCTTC Watermelon 1 W01-2 (0.93 cm), W01-3 (0.99 cm) − W1-1 (bt) × PI 186490 (Bt)→BC1 [52] Watermelon 1 SNP3162335, SNP3278961 SNP3162335-F: TGTCAAATGGGTTCATGAAGTT 9904(Bt) × Handel (bt)→RILs [54] SNP3162335-R: TTCCTGTCTTTTGTGGTTTGG SNP3278961-F: TTCGCACTAACCTGGAAAAG SNP3278961-R: ATTTGAAACCCGCCCTTAAA Sponge gourd 7 LuBt1-2 (1.9 cm), LuBt1A (1.2 cm) − 48-1-0-0 (bt) × 4-0-0-0 (bt)→BC1 [61] Sponge gourd 7 SGE292 (6.08 cm), SGC196 (3.11 cm) SGE292-F: TGGGGACAACCCGGCTT 48-1-0-0 (bt) × 4-0-0-0 (bt)→BC1 [62] SGE292-R: GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG SGC196-F: AGCGAGCAAGCCGGTGG SGC196-R: GACTGCGTACGAATTATG Bottle gourd 6, 7 BGReSe_09031-BGReSe_09068, BGReSe_11107-BGReSe_11032 − Hangzhou Gourd (bt) × Puxian Gourd (bt)→F2 [2] Table 1.
The bitterness genes of cucurbitaceae crops located in related markers.
-
Gene name Gene ID Gene types Notes Structure of Cucurbitacins Cucurbitacin B CmBi Melo3C022374 OSC Cucurbitadienol synthase CmACT Melo3C022373 ACT Acyltransferase Cm160 Melo3C022377 CYP81Q58 − Cm170 Melo3C022376 CYP89A140 − Cm180 Melo3C022375 CYP81Q59 C2 hydroxylase Cm710 Melo3C022372 CYP87D19 − Cm890 Melo3C002192 CYP87D20 C11 carbonylase + C20 hydroxylase Cm490 Melo3C023960 CYP712D8 − CmBt Melo3C005611 bHLH TF Specifically expressed in fruits CmBr Melo3C005610 bHLH TF Specifically expressed in roots Cucurbitacin C CsBi Csa6G088690 OSC Cucurbitadienol synthase CsACT Csa6G088700 ACT Acyltransferase Cs160 Csa6G088160 CYP81Q58 19,25-Dihydroxy-cucurbitadienol Cs170 Csa6G088170 CYP89A140 − Cs710 Csa6G088710 CYP89D19 − Cs490 Csa3G698490 CYP712D8 − Cs540 Csa3G903540 CYP88L2 19-Hydroxy-cucurbitadienol Cs550 Csa3G903550 CYP88L3 − Cs890 Csa1G044890 CYP87D20 − CsBt Csa5G157230 bHLH TF Specifically expressed in fruits CsBl Csa5G156220 bHLH TF Specifically expressed in leaves Cucurbitacin E ClBi Cla007080 OSC Cucurbitadienol synthase ClACT Cla007081 ACT Acyltransferase Cl160 Cla007077 CYP81Q58 − Cl170 Cla007078 CYP89A140 − Cl180 Cla007079 CYP81Q59 C2 hydroxylase Cl710 Cla007082 CYP89D19 − Cl890A Cla008355 CYP87D20 C11 carbonylase + C20 hydroxylase Cl890B Cla008354 CYP87D20 C11 carbonylase + C20 hydroxylase Cl490 Cla017252 CYP712D8 − Cl510 Cla016164 CYP88A60 − ClBt Cla011508 bHLH TF Specifically expressed in fruits ClBr Cla011510 bHLH TF Specifically expressed in roots Table 2.
Gene related to biosynthesis and regulation of cucurbitacin B, C, and E in melon, cucumber, and watermelon.
Figures
(3)
Tables
(2)