Figures (8)  Tables (0)

    • Figure 1. 

      Pectin content in (a) leaves, and (b) roots of MhGATL1-OE and wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis under normal conditions (CK), and saline-alkali stress (T). Error bars denote the SD of three replicates. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test.

    • Figure 2. 

      The phenotype, root length, NBT, and DAB staining of MhGATL1-OE and wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis under normal conditions (CK), and saline-alkali stress (T). (a) Phenotype. (b) Phenotypes of root length. (c) Root length. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test. (d) NBT staining. (e) DAB staining.

    • Figure 3. 

      Physiological indicators of saline-alkali stress in MhGATL1-OE Arabidopsis. (a) Relative conductivity. (b) MDA content. (c) Pro content. (d) SOD activity. (e) POD activity. (f) CAT activity. (g) Chlorophyll content. (h) Na+ content in roots. (i) K+ content in roots. (j) Na+/K+ ratio. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test.

    • Figure 4. 

      Expression levels of MhGATL1-OE and WT Arabidopsis pectin synthesis pathway and saline-alkali stress response genes under normal conditions (CK), and saline-alkali stress (T). The expression levels of MhGATL1-OE and WT Arabidopsis under normal conditions were set to '1'. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test.

    • Figure 5. 

      Overexpression of MhGATL1 improves saline-alkali resistance in tobacco. (a) Phenotypes. (b) DAB staining. (c) Relative conductivity. (d) MDA content. (e) Pro content. (f) SOD activity. (g) POD activity. (h) Chlorophyll content. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test.

    • Figure 6. 

      Overexpression of MhGATL1 improves saline-alkali resistance in apple calli. (a) The phenotypes of MhGATL1-OE and WT apple calli under normal conditions (CK), and saline-alkali stress (T). (b) Fresh weight. (c) MDA content. (d) Pro content. (e) SOD activity. (f) POD activity. (g) CAT activity. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test.

    • Figure 7. 

      Yeast two-hybrid screening for MhGATL1-interacting proteins. DDO and QDO/X represent SD/-Leu/-Trp and SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade/X-α-Gal medium, respectively.

    • Figure 8. 

      Expression analysis of candidate interacting genes of MhGATL1 under saline-alkali treatment. Different letters above the bars indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) as assessed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) test.