Figures (3)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Cultural (left: front, and right: reverse side) characteristics (mycelia become darker after three days), and conidia morphology of 7-day-old Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. Scale bar = 10 µm.

    • Figure 2. 

      The disease cycle of the stem canker disease, caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in dragon fruit.

    • Figure 3. 

      Development of stem canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on Selenicereus spp. cladodes. Symptoms start as: (a) minute, reddish, chlorotic flecks, (b) that become raised, (c) and then collapse, forming the canker symptom of the disease, (d) black pycnidia may be produced, (e) the diseased tissue can fall off, forming the 'shot-hole symptom'. (f) Productivity is greatly affected in severely infected cladodes.

    • Country Dragon fruit species Plant organ Disease/symptom Ref.
      Israel S. undatus Flower/fruit Internal black rot [76]
      Malaysia S. polyrhizus Stem Canker [31]
      USA (Florida) S. undatus Stem and fruit Canker [75]
      USA (South Florida) Selenicerus species Stem and fruit Canker [44]
      Thailand S. polyrhizus Stem Canker [77]
      Ecuador S. megalanthus Stem Canker [78]
      China S. megalanthus Stem Canker [73]
      Brazil S. costaricensis Stem Canker [80]
      Philippines S. monacanthus Stem Canker [33]
      Philippines S. undatus Stem Canker [33]
      Philippines S. megalanthus Stem Canker [33]
      Costa Rica S. costaricensis Stem Canker [82]
      India Selenicerus species Stem Canker [79]

      Table 1. 

      Comparison of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum species host species susceptibility, plant organ infected, and disease symptom.