Figures (0)  Tables (6)
    • ADP zones in Oyo State Purposively selected zone No. of blocks No. of blocks selected No. of cells No. of cells selected Community
      in the cells      		 No. of registered farmers 10% registered farmers selected as sample size
      Ibadan/Ibarapa zone Ibadan/Ibarapa 8 3 8 6 Aba Agbo 302 30
      Ogbomoso zone Olubi 181 18
      Saki zone Owobale 240 24
      Oyo zone Alugbo 161 16
      Foworogu 182 18
      Elese Erin 138 14
      Total 1,204 120

      Table 1. 

      Shows the sampling procedure and sample size.

    • Frequency Percentage (%)
      Age category 21−30 22 18.3
      31−40 45 37.5
      41−50 27 22.5
      51−60 17 14.2
      ≥ 61 9 7.5
      Total 120 100.0
      Sex Male 84 70.0
      Female 36 30.0
      Total 120 100.0
      Marital status Single 55 45.8
      Married 65 54.2
      Total 120 100.0
      Household size 0−5 77 64.2
      6−10 40 33.3
      11−15 3 2.5
      Total 120 100.0
      Educational status No formal education 21 17.5
      Primary 18 15.0
      Secondary 39 32.5
      Tertiary 43 35.0
      Total 120 100.0
      Religion Muslim 45 37.5
      Christian 68 56.7
      Traditional 7 5.8
      Total 120 100
      Farming experience 0−10 60 50.0
      11−20 47 39.2
      21−30 12 10.0
      31−40 1 0.8
      Total 120 100.0
      Source: Field Survey, 2023.

      Table 2. 

      Socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents (n = 120).

    • S/no. Constraints Very serious Mild Not a serious constraint
      F % F % F %
      1 Financial constraints 85 70.8 21 17.5 14 11.7
      2 Inadequate land 45 37.5 54 45.0 21 17.5
      3 Lack of technical know-how 33 27.5 66 55.0 21 17.5
      4 Lack of knowledge 27 22.5 66 55.0 27 22.5
      5 Poor access to necessary climate information 67 55.8 37 30.8 16 13.3
      6 Irregular visits of extension officers 49 40.8 59 49.2 12 10
      7 Poor benefit from carbon fund 120 100.0 − − − −
      8 Poor attitude of the government toward assisting victims 64 53.3 43 35.8 13 10.9
      9 Water scarcity 67 55.8 40 33.3 13 10.8
      Source: Field Survey, 2023. Note: Multiple responses.

      Table 3. 

      Constraints to climate change coping mechanism.

    • S/no. Sources of information on climate change adaptation Always Occasionally Never
      F % F % F %
      1 Agricultural Extension Officer 31 25.8 82 68.3 7 5.8
      2 Agricultural inputs suppliers 18 15.0 51 42.5 51 42.5
      3 Family members 25 20.8 82 68.3 13 10.9
      4 Internet 29 24.2 66 55.0 25 20.8
      5 Leaflets 19 15.8 40 33.3 61 50.8
      7 Mobile phones 80 66.7 36 30.0 4 3.3
      8 Neighbours or friends 41 34.2 65 54.2 14 11.7
      9 Fellow farmer 72 60.0 40 33.3 8 6.7
      10 Radio 62 51.7 52 43.3 5 5.0
      11 Television 56 46.6 53 44.2 11 9.2
      12 Village leaders 25 20.8 76 63.3 19 15.8
      13 Social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, etc.) 27 22.5 61 50.8 32 26.7
      Source: Field Survey, 2023. Foot Note: multiple responses.

      Table 4. 

      Farmers' sources of information on climate change adaptation.

    • S/no. Climatic change adaptation strategies used Levels of used
      Always Occasionally Never used
      F % F % F %
      1 Rehabilitation of old cocoa plant 63 52.5 10 8.3 47 39.2
      2 Increased fertilizer application 25 20.8 59 49.2 36 30
      3 Planting of trees along edges for cocoa production 22 18.3 21 17.5 77 64.2
      4 Listening to the weather forecast 25 20.8 56 46.7 39 32.5
      5 Adoption of minimum soil tillage for raising seedlings 82 86.3 15 12.5 23 19.2
      6 Planting drought-resistant variety 19 15.8 34 45.0 47 39.2
      7 Planting of improved / resistant varieties 38 31.7 51 42.5 31 25.8
      8 Diversification into other livelihood activities 45 37.5 36 30.0 39 32.5
      9 Changing in cropping pattern to 3.1 m × 3.1 m 79 65.8 23 19.2 18 15.0
      10 Mixed cropping for cocoa 57 47.5 48 40.0 15 12.5
      11 Early harvesting to avoid wastage 20 16.7 80 66.7 20 16.7
      12 Mulching for cocoa seedlings 52 43.3 52 43.3 16 13.3
      13 Avoid bush burning or cocoa plantations 64 53.3 38 31.7 18 15.0
      14 Prompt weeding 83 69.2 17 14.2 20 16.7
      15 Use of organic manure to prevent leaching 55 45.8 47 39.2 18 15.0
      16 Adoption of Irrigation techniques for seedlings on the field 38 31.7 43 35.8 39 32.5
      17 Diversification into livestock production 42 35.0 36 30.0 42 35.0
      Source: Field Survey, 2023; Foot Note: multiple responses.

      Table 5. 

      Climate change coping mechanism among cocoa farmers (n = 120).

    • Model Unstandardized coefficients Standardized coefficients T Sig
      		 Decision
      Β Std Error Β
      Constant 10.80 4.15 2.61 0.01 S
      Age −0.00 0.04 −0.01 −0.09 0.93 NS
      Gender −0.00 0.77 0.09 0.48 0.63 NS
      Marital status 0.37 0.19 0.05 0.29 0.77 NS
      Educational status 0.06 0.12 0.06 0.59 0.56 NS
      Constraints to coping mechanism −0.18 0.14 0.15 −2.22 0.02 S
      Access to information 0.34 0.18 0.21 1.81 0.04 S
      Access to fund 0.41 0.11 0.31 0.17 0.05 S
      R = 0.56
      R2 = 0.58
      Adjusted R square = 0.61
      S = significant value; NS = Not significant; R = regression value; T = T-value.

      Table 6. 

      Regression analysis of cocoa farmers' climate change coping mechanism.