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Figure 1. 

Gene structures of MIKC^C-type VpMADS genes with exons, introns, and UTRs.

Figure 2. 

Conserved motif analyisis of MIKC^C-type VpMADSs.

Figure 3. 

The phylogenetic tree of MIKC^C-type MADS-box proteins in V. planifolia, A. thaliana, and O. sativa. The red triangles referred to VpMADSs, green circles referred to AtMADSs, and blue stars referred to OsMADSs. Two adjacent groups were alternately distinguished by bands of two colors.

Figure 4. 

Gene distributions of MIKC^C type VpMADSs in V. planifolia.

Figure 5. 

Different periods and structures of V. planifolia flowers. (a) Whole flower in four stages S1 to S4 (from left to right); (b) flower internal structure S1 to S4 (from left to right); (c) rostellum S1 to S4 (from left to right); (d) magnified view of flower internal structure.

Figure 6. 

The expression profiles of VpMADSs from RNA-seq data. The X-axis represented tissues including R (rostellum), G (gynostemiums without rostellums), and B (buds without gynostemium and rostellum). S1−S4 refer to the four stages displayed in Fig. 5. The Y-axis represented expression values after being standardized.

Figure 7. 

The correlations between gene modules and tissues from WGCNA results. Each gene module was assigned a particular color. Greater than zero was a positive correlation, and less than zero was a negative correlation. The values in the module represent the magnitude of the correlation, and the values in parentheses denote the p-value.

Figure 8. 

The GO enrichment analysis of seven modules containing VpMADSs. Yellow, brown, grey, blue, green, purple, and turquoise meant different modules in WGCNA analysis.

Figure 9. 

Coefficient analysis of fold change data between qPCR and RNA-seq.

Figure 10. 

The expression profiles of qRT-PCR results.