Figures (3)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Percentage of mycelial inhibition of the fungal phytopathogens upon exposure to cacao pod husk and coffee husk extracts (i.e., 100%, 50%, and 25%) for 7 d at 27 °C. N. his, Neopestalotiopsis hispanica; F. oxy, Fusarium oxysporum.

    • Figure 2. 

      Growth of Neopestalotiopsis hispanica in various treatments: (a) positive control, (e) negative control, (b)−(d) coffee husk ethanolic extract concentrations at 100%, 50%, and 25%, and (f)−(h) cacao pod husk ethanolic extract concentrations at 100%, 50%, and 25%, respectively.

    • Figure 3. 

      Growth of Fusarium oxysporum in various treatments. (a) Positive control, (e) negative control, (b)–(d) coffee husk ethanolic extract concentrations at 100%, 50%, and 25%, and (f)–(h) cacao pod husk ethanolic extract concentrations at 100%, 50%, and 25%, respectively.

    • Bioactive compounds Cacao pod husk extract Coffee husk extract
      Anthraquinones + +
      Alkaloids − +
      Flavonoids + +
      Coumarins + −
      Tannins + +
      Saponins + +
      Terpenoids + +
      Legend: +, presence of the phytochemical compound; −, absence of the phytochemical compound.

      Table 1. 

      Selected bioactive compounds present in cacao pod husk and coffee husk ethanolic extracts.

    • Treatment Conc. Diameter of mycelial growth (mm)
      Neopestalotiopsis hispanica Fusarium oxysporum
      *FF 1.6 g/L NG 38.6 ± 0.66
      **NTA − 82.90 ± 0.80 54.57 ± 2.93
      CPH extract 100% 27.67 ± 4.28 51.13 ± 0.80
      50% 32.43 ± 1.10 55.90 ± 1.55
      25% 33.37 ± 1.27 57.47 ± 0.45
      CH extract 100% 33.97 ± 4.84 41.23 ± 1.36
      50% 45.23 ± 4.13 45.53 ± 4.75
      25% 53.27 ± 19.05 47.20 ± 0.85
      Legend: *FF, Fungufree 50 WP Plus: positive control; **NTA, no treatment added: negative control; CH, coffee husk; CPH, cacao pod husk; NG, no growth. Values are expressed in means ± SD, in triplicate.

      Table 2. 

      Average mycelial growth of two fungal phytopathogens subjected to cacao pod husk and coffee husk extracts after 7 d incubation.