Figures (0)  Tables (7)
    • Clone Code Geographical group Origin
      Group I (mothers) Belém 4 BE 4 Forastero: Lower Amazon Belém-PA, Brazil
      Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau 89 CEPEC 89 Forastero Itabuna-BA, Brazil
      Cruzeiro do Sul 07 CSUL 7 Forastero: Upper Amazon Cruzeiro do Sul-AC, Brazil
      Estação Experimental de Goitacazes 29 EEG 29 Forastero: Lower Amazon Espírito Santo, Brazil
      Imperial College Selections ICS 98 Trinitario Trinidad and Tobago
      Ocumare 67 OC 67 Criollo Ocumare de la Costa-Aragua, Venezuela
      Rio Branco RB 39 Forastero Rio Branco-AC, Brazil
      Scavina 6 SCA 6 Forastero: Upper Amazon Ucayali River, Peru
      Group II (fathers) Cacao Castro Naranjal 10 CCN 10 Forastero × Criollo (Hybrid) Napo, Ecuador
      Cacao Castro Naranjal 51 CCN 51 Forastero × Criollo (Hybrid) Napo, Ecuador
      Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau 86 CEPEC 86 Forastero Itabuna-BA, Brazil
      Imperial College Selections ICS 9 Trinitario Trinidad and Tobago
      Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo 76 IMC 76 Forastero: Upper Amazon Iquitos, Peru
      Nanay 33 NA 33 Forastero: Upper Amazon Nanay River, Peru
      Pound 4/B P4B Forastero −
      Selecciones Guatemaltecas 54 SGU 54 Forastero: Guianas Los Brillantes, Guatemala

      Table 1. 

      Cocoa clones used as parents in Group I (mothers) and Group II (fathers), with their respective codes, geographical groups, and origins.

    • Source of variation Degrees of freedom Fat (mean square)
      Blocks 1 4.79*
      Genotypes 77 8.92*
      Clones 15 15.73*
      Hybrids 61 7.00*
      Clones × hybrids 1 24.04*
      Error 77 0.46
      CV (%) 1.25
      Overall mean 54.21
      * Significant at 1% level by the F-test; CV: coefficient of variation.

      Table 2. 

      Summary of the ANOVA for the percentage of fat content in cocoa seeds, based on data from hybrids and parent clones.

    • Clone Fat (%)
      Group I (mothers) CEPEC 89 56.10 a
      CSUL 7 55.91 a
      ICS 98 53.94 b
      BE 4 53.87 b
      EEG 29 53.20 b
      SCA 6 52.86 b
      RB 39 52.01 b
      OC 67 47.51 d
      Group II (fathers) CCN 51 57.19 a
      P4B 55.84 a
      ICS 9 55.59 a
      CEPEC 86 55.44 a
      SGU 54 53.97 b
      CCN 10 53.03 b
      IMC 76 50.60 c
      NA 33 47.99 d
      Means followed by the same letters belong to the same group according to the Scott–Knott test at 5% probability.

      Table 3. 

      Mean values for fat content (%) in cocoa seed clones.

    • HybridFat (%)HybridFat (%)
      BE 4 × ICS 956.22 aICS 98 × IMC 7657.18 a
      BE 4 × CCN 1055.93 aICS 98 × NA 3355.96 a
      BE 4 × NA 3355.39 bICS 98 × CCN 5155.93 a
      BE 4 × P4B55.17 bICS 98 × CCN 1055.27 b
      BE 4 × CCN 5155.06 bICS 98 × ICS 954.04 b
      BE 4 × IMC 7654.97 bICS 98 × CEPEC 8653.34 c
      BE 4 × CEPEC 8654.22 bICS 98 × P4B52.44 c
      BE 4 × SGU 5451.48 dICS 98 × SGU 5451.39 d
      CEPEC 89 × CEPEC 8657.50 aOC 67 × CCN 5156.49 a
      CEPEC 89 × IMC 7654.55 bOC 67 × NA 3354.87 b
      CEPEC 89 × NA 3354.37 bOC 67 × IMC 7654.82 b
      CEPEC 89 × P4B54.06 bOC 67 × SGU 5454.15 b
      CEPEC 89 × CCN 5153.46 cOC 67 × ICS 954.13 b
      CEPEC 89 × ICS 953.32 cOC 67 × P4B53.57 c
      CEPEC 89 × SGU 5453.10 cOC 67 × CEPEC 8649.98 e
      CSUL 7 × CCN 5156.77 aRB 39 × CEPEC 8657.29 a
      CSUL 7 × NA 3355.09 bRB 39 × SGU 5456.17 a
      CSUL 7 × SGU 5454.92 bRB 39 × P4B56.08 a
      CSUL 7 × IMC 7653.46 cRB 39 × NA 3355.87 a
      CSUL 7 × ICS 952.57 cRB 39 × CCN 5155.16 b
      CSUL 7 × CCN 1052.30 cRB 39 × ICS 954.18 b
      CSUL 7 × P4B51.97 cRB 39 × CCN 1053.69 c
      CSUL 7 × CEPEC 8651.83 cRB 39 × IMC7 650.35 e
      EEG 29 × CCN 5156.72 aSCA 6 × IMC 7657.46 a
      EEG 29 × NA 3355.28 bSCA 6 × ICS 956.61 a
      EEG 29 × P4B54.88 bSCA 6 × CCN 5156.34 a
      EEG 29 × IMC 7654.04 bSCA 6 × P4B56.03 a
      EEG 29 × ICS 953.91 bSCA 6 × CCN 1055.48 b
      EEG 29 × SGU 5453.04 cSCA 6 × NA 3355.14 b
      EEG 29 × CEPEC 8652.65 cSCA 6 × SGU 5454.56 b
      EEG 29 × CCN 1048.70 fSCA 6 × CEPEC 8652.66 c
      Means followed by the same letters belong to the same group according to the Scott–Knott test at 5% probability.

      Table 4. 

      Mean values for fat content (%) in seeds of hybrids originating from interclonal crosses of cocoa.

    • Source of variation Degrees of freedom Fat (mean square)
      Treatments 79 8.7871**
      Groups 1 2.2578*
      GCA Group I 7 9.9113**
      GCA Group II 7 11.8887**
      SCA I × II 64 8.4269**
      Error 77 0.4608
      Effect of the mean 54.1872
      Effect of d1 −0.2656
      Effect of d2 0.2656
      ** and *: Significant at the 1% and 5% levels, respectively, by the F-test.

      Table 5. 

      Summary of the ANOVA for GCA and SCA of cocoa clone parents from Groups I and II for fat content (%) in cocoa seeds based on analysis of the mean data from diallel crosses.

    • Clone Fat
      Group I (mothers) BE 4 0.4050*
      CEPEC 89 0.4188*
      CSUL 7 −0.0484
      EEG 29 −0.4751
      ICS 98 0.1750
      OC 67 −1.3240
      RB 39 0.1245
      SCA 6 0.7241*
      Group 2 (fathers) CCN 10 −0.7303
      CCN 51 1.4939*
      CEPEC 86 −0.1698
      ICS 9 0.3156*
      IMC 76 −0.3623
      NA 33 −0.3690
      P4B 0.2922*
      SGU 54 −0.4703
      * Clones showing high GCA.

      Table 6. 

      Estimates of GCA of parental clones from Groups I and II for fat content (%) of cocoa seeds, based on the mean diallel cross data.

    • Hybrid Fat Hybrid Fat
      BE 4 × CCN 10 2.0731* ICS 98 × CCN 10 1.6431
      BE 4 × CCN 51 −1.0261 ICS 98 × CCN 51 0.0789
      BE 4 × CEPEC 86 −0.2023 ICS 98 × CEPEC 86 −0.8523
      BE 4 × ICS 9 1.3173 ICS 98 × ICS 9 −0.6377
      BE 4 × IMC 76 0.7402 ICS 98 × IMC 76 3.1802*
      BE 4 × NA 33 1.1718 ICS 98 × NA 33 1.9668*
      BE 4 × P4B 0.2856 ICS 98 × P4B −2.2144
      BE 4 × SGU 54 −2.6369 ICS 98 × SGU 54 −2.5019
      CEPEC 89 × CCN 10 −0.0990 OC 67 × CCN 10 0.2750
      CEPEC 89 × CCN 51 −2.6400 OC 67 × CCN 51 2.1329*
      CEPEC 89 × CEPEC 86 3.0688* OC 67 × CEPEC 86 −2.7133
      CEPEC 89 × ICS 9 −1.6016 OC 67 × ICS 9 0.9563
      CEPEC 89 × IMC 76 0.3113 OC 67 × IMC 76 2.3192*
      CEPEC 89 × NA 33 0.1379 OC 67 × NA 33 2.3808*
      CEPEC 89 × P4B −0.8333 OC 67 × P4B 0.4196
      CEPEC89 × SGU54 −1.0358 OC 67 × SGU 54 1.7571
      CSUL 7 × CCN 10 −1.1035 RB 39 × CCN 10 0.1135
      CSUL 7 × CCN 51 1.1423 RB 39 × CCN 51 −0.6457
      CSUL 7 × CEPEC 86 −2.1339 RB 39 × CEPEC 86 3.1531
      CSUL 7 × ICS 9 −1.8843 RB 39 × ICS 9 −0.4423
      CSUL 7 × IMC 76 −0.3114 RB 39 × IMC 76 −3.5944
      CSUL 7 × NA 33 1.3202 RB 39 × NA 33 1.9322*
      CSUL7 × P4B −2.4560 RB 39 × P4B 1.4760
      CSUL7 × SGU54 1.2565 RB 39 × SGU 54 2.3285*
      EEG 29 × CCN 10 −4.2769 SCA 6 × CCN 10 1.2990
      EEG 29 × CCN 51 1.5139 SCA 6 × CCN 51 −0.0652
      EEG 29 × CEPEC 86 −0.8923 SCA 6 × CEPEC 86 −2.0814
      EEG 29 × ICS 9 −0.1177 SCA 6 × ICS 9 1.3882
      EEG 29 × IMC 76 0.6952 SCA 6 × IMC 76 2.9161*
      EEG 29 × NA 33 1.9368* SCA 6 × NA 33 0.6027
      EEG 29 × P4B 0.8756 SCA 6 × P4B 0.8315
      EEG 29 × SGU 54 −0.2019 SCA 6 × SGU 54 0.1190
      * Hybrids showing high SCA.

      Table 7. 

      Estimates of SCA for fat content of cocoa seeds in hybrid combinations formed by parental genotypes from Groups I and II, derived from the mean of diallel cross data.