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Figure 1.
(a) SEM Image of BiOCl. (b) SEM image of MXene. (c) SEM image of BiOCl/MXene. (d) EDS. (e) Elemental mapping of BiOCl/MXene. (f) TEM image. (g) HRTEM image. (h) Elemental lattice of BiOCl/MXene.
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Figure 2.
(a) XRD patterns. (b) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms with pore size distribution curves (inset). (c) XPS survey spectra of different materials. (d) Bi 4f. (e) O 1s. (f) Cl 2p. (g) Ti 2p. (h) C 1s high-resolution XPS spectra.
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Figure 3.
(a) Degradation efficiency profiles, (b) pseudo-first-order kinetic plots of FA in different reaction systems, (c) effects of anions on FA degradation experiment, and (d) comparison of inhibition strength based on the percentage decrease in fa removal efficiency (Experimental conditions: pH = 5.28, UV = 300 W; FA = 100 mg/L; BiOCl/MXene = 0.8 g/L; PMS = 2.0 mmol L−1).
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Figure 4.
(a) Cycling performance, (b) FA degradation rates in different water matrices, and (c) degradation rates of different pollutants for the BiOCl/MXene photocatalytic PMS activation system (Experimental conditions: pH = 5.28, UV = 300 W; FA = 100 mg L−1; BiOCl/MXene = 0.8 g L−1; PMS = 2.0 mmol L−1).
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Figure 5.
(a) UV–vis DRS with inset PL spectra, (b) EIS Nyquist plots, (c) time-resolved fluorescence decay curves, (d), (e) Mott-Schottky plots, (f) photocurrent response curves with inset photocurrent responses under different conditions.
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Figure 6.
(a) Active species quenching experiments, (b) corresponding pseudo-first-order rate constant, and (c)–(f) EPR radical trapping spectra during FA removal process (Experimental conditions: pH = 5.28, UV = 300 W, FA = 100 mg L−1, BiOCl/MXene = 0.8 g L−1, PMS = 2.0 mmol L−1).
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Figure 7.
(a)–(c) Mechanism of photocatalytic activation of PMS by BiOCl/MXene catalyst for FA degradation.
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Figure 8.
(a)–(d) 3D-EEM fluorescence spectra of FA during its degradation by BiOCl/MXene photocatalytic PMS activation at 0, 5, 15, and 30 min.
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