Figures (3)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      The proposed model illustrating the role of Bacillus spp. in promoting medicinal plant growth, and enhancing environmental stress tolerance.

    • Figure 2. 

      Representation of some of the medicinal plants reported to interact with Bacillus spp. and lead to the accumulation of specialized metabolites.

    • Figure 3. 

      Genes activated by Bacillus spp. to promote the accumulation of specialized metabolites in medicinal plants. CYP7AV1 (amorphadiene-12-hydrolase), DXS1 (1-deoxy-Dxylulose-5-phosphate synthase,1); HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase); bZIP (basic leucine zipper); MYB (myelobastosis), β-AS (β-amyrin synthase); SQS (squalene synthase); SE (squalene epoxidase); CYP88D6 (P450 monooxygenase ecoding β-amyrin 11-oxidase); CHS (Chalcone synthase); CYP5 (Cytochrome P450 family 5), PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase); CHR (cell cycle homology region); MAT (homotetramer), DS (dammarenediol synthase); CYP450 (Cytochrome P450); UGT (UDP-Glycosyltransferase); DXS (1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase); FFPS (fluorescent fusion protein), STE (sulfotransferase); DWF (Dwarf); SGT (sterol glycosyltransferase); CYP710A1 (Cytochrome P450 subfamily 710 A1); VDC (Valine decarboxylase).

    • Medicinal plant Bacillus strain Function Ref.
      Zingiber officinale (Ginger) B. paralichenirfomis, B. velezensis ATR2 Plant growth promotion, biological control [6,7]
      Ocimum gratissimum L. B. subtilis Tc1 Plant growth promotion, biological control [8]
      Duranta plumeri B. amyloliquefaciens D41 Plant growth promotion, biological control [8]
      Lilium leucanthum B. velezensis L1e-9 Plant growth promotion, biological control [9]
      Camelia sinensis B. megaterium TRS-4 Plant growth promotion, biocontrol, secondary metabolites [10]
      Abelmoschus esculentus B. thuringiensis Plant growth promotion [11]
      Solanum surattense B. subtilis SSR21 Biological control [12]
      Abutilon indicum B. flexus AIKDL Biological control [12]
      Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch B. pumilis G5, Bacillus spp. Plant growth promotion [13,14]
      Curcuma longa L. B. endophyticus TSH42, B. cereus TSH77 Plant growth promotion [15]
      Withania somnifera B. amyloliquefaciens (MPE20) Plant growth promotion, secondary metabolism [16]
      Vinca rosea B. megaterium MCR-8 Plant growth promotion [17]
      Limonium sinense B. flexus KLBMP 4941 Plant growth promotion, stress alleviation [18,19]
      Aster tripolium L. Various Bacillus spp. − [20]
      Fagonia indica B. tequilensis MOSEL-FLS3 Biological control of plant diseases [21]
      Caralluma tumerculata B. flexus MOSEL-MIC5 Biological control of diseases [21]
      Solanum surattense B. subtilis SSL2 Biological control of diseases [22]
      Oxytropis merkensis Bge B. amyloliquefaciens MR4 Plant growth promotion and biological control of diseases [23]
      Echinacea purpurea (L.) Bacillus sp. EpSL5 Plant growth promotion [24]
      Origanum heracleoticum L. Various Bacillus strains Biological control [25,26]

      Table 1. 

      Some of the medicinal plants associated with Bacillus spp. that result in growth promotion and environmental stress tolerance.