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    • Figure 1. 

      Chromosome distribution of ABF genes in M. sativa.

    • Figure 2. 

      Phylogenetic tree of ABF proteins in M. sativa and Arabidopsis. The blue dots represent M. sativa, and the pink dots represent Arabidopsis.

    • Figure 3. 

      (a) The motif structure diagram of ABF genes. (b), (c) The basic structure of ABF genes. (d) Basic information of ABF protein motifs in M. sativa.

    • Figure 4. 

      (a) Schematic diagram of the linear distribution of ABF genes in M. sativa. Segmental replication events are marked in red. The red and blue stripes in the inner ring indicate the genes' density on the chromosome. (b) Collinearity of MsABF genes with Arabidopsis and Glycine max genes. The blue line represents homology between the genes.

    • Figure 5. 

      The cis-acting elements of ABF gene promoters in M. sativa. (a) Phylogenetic tree of the MsABF genes. (b) Distribution of the positions of cis-acting elements. (c) Quantitative heat map of cis-acting elements. (d) Bar chart of classified cis-acting elements.

    • Figure 6. 

      (a) Expression of MsABF genes in different tissues. (b) Expression of ABF genes in M. sativa under salt stress. (c) Expression of ABF genes in M. sativa under drought stress. (d) Expression of ABF genes in M. sativa under cold stress. CK represents the untreated control. For salt and drought treatments, S1, S3, S6, S12, and S24 and M1, M3, M6, M12, and M24 indicate samples collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment, respectively. For cold treatment, C2, C6, C24, and C48 indicate samples collected at 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after treatment.

    • Figure 7. 

      Protein–protein interaction network map. The orange marker is MsABF protein, and the purple node is recognized as a highly intermediate central protein.

    • Figure 8. 

      RT-qPCR analysis of MsABF's expression under drought, cold, and salt stress conditions. Significance levels: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. (a) The expression of MsABF18 under three different stresses. (b) The expression of MsABF20 under three different stresses. (c) The expression of MsABF25 under three different stresses.