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Figure 1.
Prediction of Flfbp1 protein domains. (a) Homologous alignment and domain prediction of the Flfbp1 gene. Using the Flfbp1 protein as a probe, blast alignment was performed on its homologous protein sequences to predict conserved domains. The F-box domain is marked with a red underline, and the WD40 domain is marked with a blue box. (b) Schematic diagram of the Flfbp1 protein structure. (c) Prediction of the three-dimensional structure and conserved amino acid sites of Flfbp1. The three-dimensional structure was modeled using SWISS-MODEL with the Flfbp1 protein as a probe; red triangles mark conserved amino acid residues, and red circles indicate protein-ligand interaction regions (PLIP) composed of conserved residues. (d) Retrieval of homologous genes of this protein using the Flfbp1 protein sequence as a probe.
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Figure 2.
Flfbp1 mediates the transition from symbiosis to pathogenicity in F. lateritium during interaction with N. benthamiana. (a)–(d) Interaction phenotypes (left) and laser confocal images of root colonization (right) of N. benthamiana inoculated with WT, ΔFlfbp1, Flfbp1OE strain, or ΔFlfbp1-C strain at (a) 3, (b) 5, (c) 7, and (d) 10 d post-inoculation (dpi). Fungal hyphae were visualized by fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-488, green fluorescence), and plant cell walls were stained with propidium iodide (PI, red fluorescence). Scale bar = 100 μm. The scale in the figure represents 1 cm. (e) Biomass of N. benthamiana following inoculation with different strains at 3, 5, 7, and 10 dpi. Values are means ± SD (n = 15 biological replicates). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.01. (f) Relative colonization rate of each strain in N. benthamiana roots, determined as the relative DNA ratio of fungal actinto plant EF-1α. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.01.
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Figure 3.
Flfbp1 controls β-Carboline biosynthesis in F. lateritium and modulates the growth of N. benthamiana. (a) Growth phenotypes of N. benthamiana following co-culture with WT, Flfbp1OE, ΔFlfbp1, and ΔFlfbp1-C strains, as well as a 0.05% NaCl control. The scale in the figure represents 1 cm. (b) Biomass quantification of N. benthamiana under the indicated treatments. Data are mean ± SD (n = 15 biological replicates). 'Death' denotes plant death; n.s. not significant vs WT. (c) β-Carboline levels in the indicated fungal strains under pure culture. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). (d) Effects of exogenous β-Carboline (800 μM in 0.05% ethanol-containing medium) on N. benthamiana growth. Medium supplemented with 0.05% ethanol served as control (CK). Scale bar = 1 cm. (e) Biomass quantification of N. benthamiana treated with exogenous β-carboline. Data are mean ± SD (n = 15 biological replicates). (f) HPLC quantification of β-Carbolinein the indicated co-culture systems and N. benthamiana alone (Nb). β-Carboline contents in WT, Flfbp1OE, ΔFlfbp1, and ΔFlfbp1-C groups were 0.418, 2.74, 0.149, and 0.409 mg/g, respectively, whereas no β-Carboline was detected in N. benthamiana alone. Bars represent the mean of three biological replicates. (g) Exogenous β-Carboline markedly suppresses the plant growth-promoting effect of the WT strain during symbiosis with N. benthamiana. (h) Statistics of N.benthamiana biomass corresponding to Fig. (g). Data are mean ± SD (n = 15 biological replicates). Scale bar = 1 cm. * and *** indicate significant differences relative to WT (p < 0.01).
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Figure 4.
Flfbp1 interacts with Flhsp1 and regulates its ubiquitination level. (a) Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay verifying the physical interaction between Flfbp1 and Flhsp1. Yeast co-transformed with BD-Flfbp1 and AD-Flhsp1 grew well and turned blue on SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade/X-α-Gal medium. Positive control (PC) showed normal growth, while negative control (NC) showed no growth. (b) Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay confirming the interaction between Flfbp1 and Flhsp1 in N. benthamiana cells. Co-expression of Flfbp1-nYFP and Flhsp1-cYFP reconstituted yellow fluorescent signals, whereas the empty vector control (pCV-nYFP + pCV-cYFP) showed no fluorescence. (c) Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay validating the interaction between Flfbp1 and Flhsp1. Flfbp1-mCherry was co-precipitated with Flhsp1-GFP in N. benthamiana, whereas INF1-mCherry used as a negative control showed no interaction with Flhsp1-GFP. (d) Prediction of ubiquitination sites in Flhsp1 using the GPS-Uber tool. (e) Flfbp1 regulates the ubiquitination level of Flhsp1. In N. benthamiana, Flfbp1 significantly reduced the ubiquitination level of Flhsp1 (relative level = 0.51), whereas INF1 had no such effect. The ubiquitination level of the Flhsp1 ubiquitination-site mutant (K→R) was not affected by Flfbp1 (relative level = 0.92). Protein bands were stained with Ponceau S as a loading control.
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Figure 5.
The Flfbp1-Flhsp1 module regulates β-Carboline biosynthesis by modulating the transcription of Flsmp1. (a) Homology alignment of the key β-Carboline biosynthesis enzyme (strictosidine synthase homolog) between Ralstonia insidiosa FC1138 and F. lateritium Fl617. (b) Relative expression levels of Flsmp1 during the interaction between different fungal strains and N. benthamiana. (c) Knockout of Flhsp1 or Flsmp1 enhances the plant growth-promoting ability of the fungal strain on tobacco. The scale in the figure represents 1 cm. (d) Quantitative analysis of N. benthamiana biomass corresponding to panel (c). Data are means ± SD (n = 15 biological replicates). (e) β-Carboline contents in different fungus–tobacco co-culture systems and tobacco alone (Nb), determined by HPLC. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three biological replicates. ** and *** indicate significant differences of ΔFlfbp1, Flfbp1OE, ΔFlhsp1, and ΔFlsmp1 compared with WT (p < 0.01).
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Figure 6.
Mechanistic analysis of Flfbp1 and β-Carbolinein regulating auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. (a) Phenotypic effects of different F. lateritium strains and β-Carboline treatment on the Arabidopsis thaliana DR5-GFP auxin reporter line. The scale in the figure represents 1 cm. (b) Quantitative analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana biomass corresponding to panel (a). (c) Quantification of DR5-GFP fluorescence intensity in Arabidopsis thaliana root tips shown in panel (a). (d) Quantification of DR5-GFP fluorescence intensity in the elongation zone (EZ) of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips shown in panel (a). (e) Effects of different F. lateritium strains and β-Carboline treatment on the Arabidopsis thaliana PIN1pro:EGFP-GUS line. The scale in the figure represents 1 cm. (f) Quantitative analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana biomass corresponding to panel (e). (g) Quantitative analysis of GUS staining gray value in Arabidopsis thaliana roots shown in panel (e). (h) Relative expression level of AtPIN1 under the co-culture of different fungal strains with Arabidopsis thaliana. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three biological replicates. ** and *** indicate significant differences of ΔFlfbp1, ΔFlhsp1, ΔFlsmp1, and Flfbp1OE compared with WT (p < 0.01). Scale bar = 50 μm.
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Figure 7.
A model illustrating F. lateritium Fl617 state transition (beneficial to pathogenic) regulating plant growth via β-Carboline and auxin signaling.
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Fusarium lateritiun genes Log2FC (OE/FL) GO, EggNOG, and/or NR description Significant Regulate Cell wall-degrading enzymes EVM0001149 4.1263422058244 Unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase YesRYesR (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 88) Yes Up EVM0001588 6.7535321921235 Rhamnogalacturonate lyase C (Polysaccharide lyase family 4) Yes Up EVM0001845 3.395073389 Beta-galactosidase (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 2) Yes Up EVM0002028 3.7625450042324 Beta-galactosidase A (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 35) Yes Up EVM0003233 4.3377427051624 Glucoamylase (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 15) Yes Up EVM0003341 5.9239346913422 Endoglucanase gh5-1 (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 5) Yes Up EVM0004535 4.5627028709028 Glucoamylase (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 15) Yes Up EVM0005962 4.8830260775208 Pectate lyase A (Polysaccharide lyase family) Yes Up EVM0006725 4.8568634249429 Endopolygalacturonase NFIA (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28) Yes Up EVM0007219 5.8273546342649 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase D (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 10) Yes Up EVM0009068 3.4013339063572 Pectate lyase A (Polysaccharide lyase family) Yes Up EVM0009179 4.0518241399204 Pectate lyase plyB (Polysaccharide lyase family) Yes Up EVM0009658 4.8332427745881 Endopolygalacturonase 1 (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28) Yes Up EVM0010041 -11.73729611 Sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase UGT80A2 (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28) Yes Down EVM0011293 4.4366458043154 Exopolygalacturonase X (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28) Yes Up EVM0011394 3.9652487427431 Alpha-amylase A (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 70) Yes Up EVM0011522 3.7271762129361 Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase A1 (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 16) Yes Up EVM0011841 6.5107326693398 Endoglucanase type B (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 6) Yes Up EVM0012220 4.499780736 Exopolygalacturonase B (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28) Yes Up EVM0014279 6.3956127005519 Exopolygalacturonase B (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28) Yes Up EVM0014424 3.9059208223736 Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase C (Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 2) Yes Up EVM0014754 3.6856051164499 Acetylxylan esterase A (Carbohydrate Esterase Family) Yes Up Table 1.
Analysis of differential genes in the cell wall-degrading enzymes of F. lateritium enriched in the transcriptome.
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Nicotiana benthamiana genes Log2FC (OE/FL) GO, EggNOG, and/or NR description Significant Regulate WRKY transcription factor NbL01g07860 −1.241673647 WRKY transcription factor 41 Yes Down NbL01g15690 −3.593812762 WRKY transcription factor 12 Yes Down NbL01g18710 1.105546491 WRKY transcription factor 68 Yes Up NbL02g09960 −1.003699269 WRKY transcription factor 6-like Yes Down NbL02g18470 1.741402689 WRKY transcription factor 71 Yes Up NbL02g23870 −1.312867524 WRKY transcription factor 3 Yes Down NbL03g04040 1.912414484 WRKY transcription factor 71 Yes Up NbL05g11960 1.524342816 WRKY transcription factor 71 Yes Up NbL07g16620 −2.303755182 WRKY transcription factor 40 Yes Down NbL08g18360 −1.161012818 WRKY transcription factor 11 Yes Down NbL09g01620 −1.640251489 WRKY transcription factor 40 Yes Down NbL09g06220 1.951379137 WRKY transcription factor 72 Yes Up NbL10g07700 −2.863361032 WRKY transcription factor 31 Yes Down NbL10g19990 1.52314681 WRKY transcription factor 22-like Yes Up NbL10g23550 −2.738797063 WRKY transcription factor 41 Yes Down NbL11g17990 −3.360368884 WRKY transcription factor 41 Yes Down NbL12g04240 −1.55993108 WRKY transcription factor 6-like Yes Down NbL12g17910 −3.918944509 WRKY transcription factor 31 Yes Down NbL13g21070 −2.266601595 WRKY transcription factor 53 Yes Down NbL14g00310 −3.921095011 WRKY transcription factor 53 Yes Down NbL14g02780 −1.182195457 WRKY transcription factor 11 Yes Down NbL14g08830 −1.854152885 WRKY transcription factor 70 Yes Down NbL15g14920 2.441100724 WRKY transcription factor 50 Yes Up NbL15g22610 1.535103613 WRKY transcription factor 71 Yes Up NbL16g10110 1.551883465 WRKY transcription factor 22-like Yes Up NbL17g05520 1.80229719 WRKY transcription factor 50 Yes Up NbL17g27990 −2.801993452 WRKY transcription factor 41 Yes Down NbL19g03290 2.043828788 WRKY transcription factor 71 Yes Up NbL19g12080 1.288989916 WRKY transcription factor 31 Yes Up NbL19g15140 −1.751825562 WRKY transcription factor 70 Yes Down Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine NbL02g07080 −1.037744779 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase BAM1 Yes Down NbL03g17050 −1.659993754 LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase Yes Down NbL09g04840 −1.971232488 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase SOBIR1 Yes Down NbL11g04700 −1.884686396 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase SOBIR1 Yes Down NbL13g00980 1.004092561 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase Yes Up NbL13g08970 −2.012289508 LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase Yes Down NbL14g11540 −1.442825297 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase Yes Down NbL15g20260 −1.179377956 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase Yes Down NbL16g14160 −1.520479646 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase BAM1 Yes Down NbL17g04410 −1.02197164 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase Yes Down NbL19g02860 −1.051309293 Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase BAM1 Yes Down NbL04g12340 −1.814698751 Receptor-like protein kinase HSL1 Yes Down Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins NbL03g07430 −1.429807222 Nematode resistance protein-like HSPRO2 Yes Down NbL16g23530 −1.885653116 Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, acidic isoform GI9-like Yes Down NbL16g23540 −3.618771859 Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, acidic isoform GI9-like Yes Down NbL07g06460 −2.069325285 Uncharacterized LOC104245359 Yes Down NbL16g23610 1.566553502 Uncharacterized LOC107801208 Yes Up NbL17g14890 −3.052558899 Uncharacterized LOC104245359 Yes Down NbL03g04450 −4.768478445 Transcription factor TCP4-like Yes Down NbL05g09570 −3.201674726 Transcription factor TCP4-like Yes Down NbL09g02150 −4.588823659 Transcription factor TCP4-like Yes Down NbL15g21350 −3.618126068 Transcription factor TCP4-like Yes Down Effector-Triggered Immunity NbL00g00160 3.616884706 F-box protein At4g00755-like Yes Up NbL03g23000 −1.203580403 30S ribosomal protein S17 Yes Down NbL08g10330 −1.360337605 30S ribosomal protein S13 Yes Down NbL13g19700 1.345607674 Uncharacterized LOC107801214 Yes Up NbL13g20660 −1.077533904 30S ribosomal protein S17 Yes Down NbL13g25880 1.322339361 Uncharacterized LOC105111765 Yes Up NbL16g15970 −1.01109948 30S ribosomal protein S1, chloroplastic-like Yes Down NbL18g08740 −1.493428396 30S ribosomal protein S13 Yes Down NbL02g12270 −1.625857953 Uncharacterized LOC109215327 Yes Down NbL02g26120 −1.520316021 Uncharacterized LOC109216575 Yes Down NbL05g09740 −1.424188808 30S ribosomal protein S20 Yes Down NbL10g03010 −1.094115168 Disease resistance protein RPS5-like Yes Down NbL10g06340 1.183761039 40S ribosomal protein S27-2-like Yes Up NbL15g21250 −1.319829734 30S ribosomal protein S20 Yes Down NbL05g20820 −4.561840593 Disease resistance protein RPM1-like Yes Down NbL02g11930 −2.326840928 Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101-like Yes Down NbL00g04260 −4.60786075 Disease resistance protein Yes Down SA/JA NbL10g04670 −1.079625198 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-like Yes Down NbL12g19650 −1.113061669 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Yes Down NbL18g01320 −1.440403027 Negative regulator of resistance-like Yes Down NbL17g18350 −2.193881775 Protein LOL1 Yes Down NbL07g15240 2.29744213 9-divinyl ether synthase-like Yes Up NbL07g15260 −2.369372689 9-divinyl ether synthase-like Yes Down NbL17g08900 −1.321601646 Allene oxide synthase Yes Down NbL02g15000 −2.995048075 Allene oxide cyclase, chloroplastic-like Yes Down NbL19g01710 −4.343728998 Allene oxide cyclase 4 Yes Down NbL01g10560 1.876627957 Linoleate 9s-lipoxygenase Yes Up NbL03g24390 −2.349266144 Linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase 3-1 Yes Down NbL08g01350 −2.350649607 Linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase 2-1 Yes Down NbL09g01460 −1.660452484 Haloalkane dehalogenase-like Yes Down NbL13g19150 −2.74590776 Linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase 3-1 Yes Down NbL16g03630 −1.315186628 Haloalkane dehalogenase-like Yes Down NbL16g19580 −2.348098997 Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 6 Yes Down NbL16g25540 −1.222038612 Epoxide hydrolase 3 Yes Down NbL03g23910 −1.955594438 Indeterminate-domain 7-like Yes Down NbL05g04140 −1.577936143 Zinc finger protein JACKDAW-like Yes Down NbL05g12780 −1.359270237 TIFY 10A-like Yes Down NbL07g08970 −1.700895662 Indeterminate-domain 5 Yes Down NbL08g15780 −1.646076282 Zinc finger protein JACKDAW-like Yes Down NbL09g10490 −1.135563114 Indeterminate-domain 7-like Yes Down NbL09g15900 −1.390531826 Indeterminate-domain 9-like Yes Down NbL09g22330 1.599657779 Uncharacterized LOC104223950 Yes Up NbL10g03940 −2.314481352 TIFY 10A-like Yes Down NbL11g03270 −1.648124129 Indeterminate-domain 9-like Yes Down NbL13g19260 −1.439641761 TIFY 10A-like Yes Down NbL13g19660 −1.552337422 Indeterminate-domain 7-like Yes Down NbL17g05190 −1.724278896 Indeterminate-domain 7-like Yes Down NbL17g08700 −1.297468704 Indeterminate-domain 9-like Yes Down NbL17g12750 −1.896400481 Indeterminate-domain 5 Yes Down NbL16g09660 −5.012615586 Transcription factor MYC2-like Yes Down Ethylene NbL01g02770 −5.903956323 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109-like Yes Down NbL01g04330 −1.49926367 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase 2 Yes Down NbL01g07430 2.086831009 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase Yes Up NbL01g13990 −1.608800619 Reversion-to-ethylene sensitivity1-like Yes Down NbL02g15000 −2.995048075 Allene oxide cyclase, chloroplastic-like Yes Down NbL02g20260 −1.585372911 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 12-like Yes Down NbL03g03800 −1.138883212 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4-like Yes Down NbL03g06570 1.179196435 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2C-like Yes Up NbL03g10380 −1.06543775 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 5-like Yes Down NbL03g11340 −4.610522757 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1A-like9 Yes Down NbL03g21840 −1.010144763 Serine/threonine-protein kinase EDR1-like Yes Down NbL04g09050 1.149021282 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ABR1-like Yes Up NbL04g09950 −1.184170911 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-4-like Yes Down NbL05g17920 −1.838124295 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 9-like Yes Down NbL05g20110 −1.104123236 AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing transcription repressor RAV2-like Yes Down NbL06g08080 −1.986073134 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4-like Yes Down NbL07g06140 −2.76452384 AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor AIL5 Yes Down NbL07g10510 −5.526704793 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1A-like Yes Down NbL08g01300 1.257845004 Ethylene insensitive 3-like Yes Up NbL08g03410 1.005329917 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-7-like Yes Up NbL08g07520 −1.891782173 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 3-like Yes Down NbL08g09830 −1.160870679 2-methylene-furan-3-one reductase Yes Down NbL08g21280 2.218650596 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF113-like Yes Up NbL09g20840 −1.553979428 Bifunctional protein FolD 2-like Yes Down NbL10g03300 −2.159895802 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 Yes Down NbL10g05370 −7.38227996 Nicotiana tabacum ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF027-like Yes Down NbL10g06930 −5.026480543 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF017-like Yes Down NbL10g11290 −1.074701007 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 5-like Yes Down NbL10g14470 −1.664184862 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 5-like Yes Down NbL10g19050 −1.863484897 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4-like Yes Down NbL10g21330 −5.391660122 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF027-like Yes Down NbL11g19050 −1.208848489 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 3-like Yes Down NbL11g21170 −7.33308025 Proteinase inhibitor I-B-like Yes Down NbL11g21240 −7.555580287 Proteinase inhibitor I-B-like Yes Down NbL12g20490 −1.178362986 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-10-like Yes Down NbL12g22380 −4.49685346 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF106-like Yes Down NbL13g10010 −1.179060632 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 5 Yes Down NbL13g11170 −4.98293508 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1D-like Yes Down NbL13g11180 −5.543553262 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1D-like Yes Down NbL14g02300 2.677049523 Uncharacterized LOC109233752 Yes Up NbL14g07490 −4.03320461 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF018-like Yes Down NbL14g20670 −1.508101501 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-4-like Yes Down NbL14g21920 −1.534851742 AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing transcription factor RAV1 Yes Down NbL15g00150 −1.338822043 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 5-like Yes Down NbL15g00610 −3.197292607 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109-like Yes Down NbL15g12550 1.353059627 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A-like Yes Up NbL15g23980 −1.2678142 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4 Yes Down NbL16g02670 −6.459788949 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF017 Yes Down NbL16g03200 1.099968315 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 3-like Yes Up NbL16g03230 −1.50826366 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 Yes Down NbL16g26030 −1.257999838 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor-like protein Yes Down NbL17g02970 1.392879379 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A-like Yes Up NbL17g04280 −3.585379082 Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 3-like Yes Down NbL17g11150 −6.109000485 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF026-like Yes Down NbL17g25900 −3.016530627 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF027-like Yes Down NbL18g01290 1.014692846 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF118-like Yes Up NbL18g09140 −1.069612422 2-methylene-furan-3-one reductase-like Yes Down NbL19g01710 −4.343728998 Allene oxide cyclase 4 Yes Down NbL19g04830 1.765903636 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF091 Yes Up NbL19g05200 −2.916232465 Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 12-like Yes Down NbL19g15660 2.249205054 Ndehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2B-like Yes Up Table 2.
Analysis of differential genes in the immune response pathway of N. benthamiana enriched in the transcriptome.
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Fusarium lateritium genes Log2FC (OE/FL) GO, EggNOG, and/or NR description Significant Regulate Genes for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites EVM0000450 4.3614900315927 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ATEG Yes Up EVM0002278 4.1569026383141 Laccase-2 yes up EVM0005169 3.4262286617577 Fusaridione A synthetase fsdS Yes Up EVM0005566 6.9548778621629 Patulin synthase Yes Up EVM0006747 4.3878350187084 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PC-21 Yes Up EVM0011686 6.3126194074231 Sterigmatocystin biosynthesis P450 monooxygenase stcS Yes Up EVM0004549 -5.4741035057982 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase hepE Yes Down EVM0001225 3.51766673868276 Methyltransferase pytC Yes Up EVM0011207 4.75191068032791 ABC transporter G family member 1 Yes Up Table 3.
Analysis of differential genes in the biosynthesis secondary metabolites of F. lateritium enriched in the transcriptome.
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Nicotiana benthamiana gene Log2FC (OE/FL) GO, EggNOG, and/or NR description Significant Regulate Transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1)/auxin signaling F-BOX (AFB) auxin receptor protein NbL09g14830 −1.484840014 Transport inhibitor response 1-like Yes Down NbL18g05140 −0.122866608 Auxin signaling F-BOX 2-like No Down NbL18g05510 −0.329982688 Auxin signaling F-BOX 2-like No Down indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase NbL01g07800 −1.908802784 Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.5 Yes Down NbL02g06310 1.439623697 Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1 Yes Up NbL05g17320 −1.09617348 Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1 Yes Down NbL11g18650 −1.114444544 Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.6-like Yes Down NbL17g22680 1.189671596 Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1 Yes Up Auxin transporter protein NbL01g00650 −4.828880997 Auxin transporter-like protein 2 Yes Down NbL03g07460 2.285286635 Auxin transporter-like protein 2 Yes Up NbL09g23290 −5.54548812 Auxin transporter-like protein 2 Yes Down NbL11g14560 −3.364388709 Auxin transporter-like protein 2 Yes Down NbL14g19160 −1.806469884 Auxin transporter-like protein 3 Yes Down NbL19g07760 −2.73623543 Regulation of auxin polar transport Yes Down NbL16g18860 −1.150471952 Regulation of auxin polar transport Yes Down NbL14g08500 1.465737757 Protein PIN-LIKES 6-like Yes Up NbL10g12990 −1.623008847 Protein PIN-LIKES 7 Yes Down NbL08g15120 1.065093528 Protein PIN-LIKES 6-like Yes Up NbL06g09580 −2.679347268 Protein PIN-LIKES 7 Yes Down NbL02g24270 −2.163781867 ABC transporter B family member 19 Yes Down NbL19g09930 −1.942374526 ABC transporter B family member 19 Yes Down NbL00g02570 −4.828880997 Auxin efflux carrier component 7-like (PIN3) Yes Down NbL04g04410 2.285286635 Auxin efflux carrier component 3-like (PIN3) Yes Down NbL09g07200 −5.54548812 Auxin efflux carrier component 6-like (PIN6) Yes Down NbL16g17760 −3.364388709 Auxin efflux carrier component 1-like (PIN1) Yes Down NbL18g00130 −1.806469884 Auxin efflux carrier component 7-like (PIN3) Yes Down Auxin responsive protein NbL01g09250 −1.054583065 Auxin-responsive protein IAA16 Yes Down NbL01g21870 −2.523692106 Auxin-responsive protein IAA13-like Yes Down NbL01g23060 −2.440189948 Auxin-responsive protein IAA4 Yes Down NbL01g23080 −2.205581671 Auxin-responsive protein IAA7-like Yes Down NbL03g13570 1.429065824 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR32-like Yes Up NbL05g19690 −3.29660792 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR68-like Yes Down NbL07g04240 −5.968493708 Auxin-responsive protein IAA29-like Yes Down NbL08g03870 −3.919578223 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR68-like Yes Down NbL09g00020 −2.628425635 Auxin-responsive protein IAA4-like Yes Down NbL09g00030 −1.626709574 Auxin-responsive protein IAA14-like Yes Down NbL11g16610 −1.400905548 Auxin-responsive protein IAA16 Yes Down NbL11g21040 −2.179973728 Auxin-responsive protein IAA4 Yes Down NbL11g21050 −1.252856512 Auxin-responsive protein IAA7-like Yes Down NbL13g13620 1.298520512 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR32-like Yes Up NbL13g20890 2.003292672 Auxin-responsive protein IAA17-like Yes Up NbL13g26840 −2.368881964 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR68-like Yes Down NbL13g26870 −4.278233719 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR68-like Yes Down NbL14g07010 −3.567600595 Auxin-responsive protein IAA14 Yes Down NbL16g01650 −1.876347783 Auxin-responsive protein IAA27-like Yes Down NbL16g12950 −2.088996357 Auxin-responsive protein IAA13-like Yes Down NbL17g06370 −4.71703058 Auxin-responsive protein IAA29-like Yes Down NbL17g08960 −2.483252353 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR68-like Yes Down NbL17g14080 1.059526377 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR71-like Yes Up NbL18g02000 −4.444820436 Auxin-responsive protein SAUR68-like Yes Down Auxin response factor NbL05g12860 −1.083493124 Auxin response factor 19-like Yes Down NbL07g00920 −2.617378332 Auxin response factor 4 Yes Down NbL10g04280 −1.315801096 Auxin response factor 1-like Yes Down NbL10g04590 −3.310667496 Auxin response factor 16-like Yes Down NbL10g07900 −1.052066843 Auxin response factor 19-like Yes Down NbL10g23910 −1.512927065 Auxin response factor 9-like Yes Down NbL12g18280 −1.392296468 Auxin response factor 19-like Yes Down NbL17g08330 −1.55076215 Auxin response factor 4 Yes Down NbL17g24940 1.292835226 Auxin response factor 5-like Yes Up Table 4.
Analysis of differential genes in auxin pathway of N. benthamiana enriched in transcriptome.
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Nicotiana benthamiana gene Log2FC (OE/FL) GO, EggNOG, and/or NR description Significant Regulate GA synthetase NbL01g06920 2.280511162 Gibberellin 20-oxidase-like protein Yes Up NbL03g22250 1.169536118 Transcription factor DIVARICATA-like Yes Up NbL07g07470 −1.995380527 Ent-kaur-16-ene synthase Yes Down NbL07g10520 −3.238743936 Gibberellin 20 oxidase 1-like Yes Down NbL19g12570 −1.932379575 Transcription factor DIVARICATA-like Yes Down GA perception and signal transduction protein NbL02g07220 1.131961551 Gibberellin receptor GID1B-like Yes Up NbL03g17990 −3.146397875 Gibberellin-regulated protein 1-like Yes Down NbL04g08050 −1.487927675 Gibberellin-regulated protein 9-like Yes Down NbL09g01800 −2.212289988 Scarecrow-like protein 21 Yes Down NbL09g12800 −3.619699869 Gibberellin-regulated protein 6-like Yes Down NbL11g08070 −1.674741687 Scarecrow-like protein 21 Yes Down NbL13g08210 −5.512312894 Gibberellin-regulated protein 6 Yes Down NbL14g18570 −2.055725221 Gibberellin-regulated protein 9-like Yes Down NbL15g20270 1.625391735 Scarecrow-like protein 21 Yes Up NbL16g05100 −3.904334877 Gibberellin-regulated protein 6-like Yes Down GA related metabolic protein NbL11g20260 −1.525057496 Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2-like Yes Down NbL05g10730 −1.760610284 Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2-like Yes Down NbL08g06380 1.322026732 Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2-like Yes Up NbL16g11350 −3.972446266 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2-like Yes Down Table 5.
Analysis of differential genes in GA pathway of N. benthamiana enriched in transcriptome.
Figures
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Tables
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