[1]

Lescot T. 2020. Banana genetic diversity. FruiTrop n°269 98−102. https://www.fruitrop.com/en/Articles-by-subject/Varieties/2020/Banana-genetic-diversity

[2]

Department of Agriculture. 2019. Philippine banana industry roadmap 2019−2022. Department of Agriculture, High Value Crops Program. 50 pp. www.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Philippine-Banana-Industry-Roadmap-2019-2022.pdf

[3]

Uma S, Kumaravel M, Backiyarani S, Saraswathi MS, Durai P, et al. 2021. Somatic embryogenesis as a tool for reproduction of genetically stable plants in banana and confirmatory field trials. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 147:181−88

doi: 10.1007/s11240-021-02108-0
[4]

Tumuhimbise R, Talengera D. 2018. Improved propagation techniques to enhance the productivity of banana (Musa spp.). Open Agriculture 3:138−45

doi: 10.1515/opag-2018-0014
[5]

Johns GG. 1994. Field evaluation of five clones of tissue-cultured bananas in northern NSW. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34:521−28

doi: 10.1071/EA9940521
[6]

Elhiti M, Stasolla C, Wang A. 2013. Molecular regulation of plant somatic embryogenesis. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 49:631−42

doi: 10.1007/s11627-013-9547-3
[7]

Raemakers CJJM, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF. 1995. Secondary somatic embryogenesis and applications in plant breeding. Euphytica 81:93−107

doi: 10.1007/BF00022463
[8]

Slatter A, Scott NW, Fowler MR. 2003. Plant biotechnology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 346 pp.

[9]

Remakanthan A, Menon TG, Soniya EV. 2014. Somatic embryogenesis in banana (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Grand Naine): effect of explant and culture conditions. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 50:127−36

doi: 10.1007/s11627-013-9546-4
[10]

Panis B, Van Wauwe A, Swennen R. 1993. Plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis from protoplasts of banana (Musa spp.). Plant Cell Reports 12:403−7

doi: 10.1007/BF00234701
[11]

Zimmerman JL. 1993. Somatic embryogenesis: a model for early development in higher plants. The Plant Cell 5:1411−23

doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1411
[12]

Salaün C, Lepiniec L, Dubreucq B. 2021. Genetic and molecular control of somatic embryogenesis. Plants 10:1467

doi: 10.3390/plants10071467
[13]

Escobedo-Gracia Medrano RM, Enríquez-Valencia AJ, Youssef M, López-Gómez P, Cruz-Cárdenas CI, et al. 2016. Somatic embryogenesis in banana, Musa ssp. In Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications, eds. Loyola-Vargas V, Ochoa-Alejo N. Cham: Springer. pp. 381−400. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33705-0_21

[14]

Guan Y, Li S, Fan X, Su Z. 2016. Application of somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:938

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00938
[15]

Panis BJ, Withers LA, De Langhe E. 1990. Cryopreservation of Musa suspension cultures and subsequent regeneration of plants. Cryoletters 11:337−50

[16]

Strosse H, Domergue R, Panis B, Escalant JV, Côte F. 2003. Banana and plantain embryogenic cell suspensions. In INIBAP Technical Guidelines 8, eds. Vézina A, Picq C. Montpellier. France: The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain. https://cropgenebank.sgrp.cgiar.org/files/tg8_en.pdf

[17]

López J, Rayas A, Medero V, Santos A, Basail M, et al. 2022. Somatic embryogenesis in banana (Musa spp.). In Somatic Embryogenesis, ed. Ramírez-Mosqueda MA. New York, NY: Humana. 2527:97−110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_8

[18]

Kulkarni VM, Ganapathi TR. 2009. A simple procedure for slow growth maintenance of banana (Musa spp.) embryogenic cell suspension cultures at low temperature. Current Science 96:1372−77

[19]

Joshi R, Kumar P. 2013. Regulation of somatic embryogenesis in crops: a review. Agricultural Reviews 34:1−20

[20]

Ikeuchi M, Sugimoto K, Iwase A. 2013. Plant callus: mechanisms of induction and repression. The Plant Cell 25:3159−73

doi: 10.1105/tpc.113.116053
[21]

Emons AMC. 1994. Somatic embryogenesis: cell biological aspects. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 43:1−14

doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00729.x
[22]

Khatri A, Khan IA, Dahot MU, Shah G, Nizamani GS, et al. 2005. Study of callus induction in banana (Musa sp). Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 2:36−40

[23]

Manulis S, Haviv-Chesner A, Brandl MT, Lindow SE, Barash I. 1998. Differential involvement of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathways in pathogenicity and epiphytic fitness of Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11:634−42

doi: 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.7.634
[24]

Efferth T. 2019. Biotechnology applications of plant callus cultures. Engineering 5:50−59

doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.006
[25]

Jamil SZMR, Rohani ER, Baharum SN, Noor NM. 2018. Metabolite profiles of callus and cell suspension cultures of mangosteen. 3 Biotech 8:322

doi: 10.1007/s13205-018-1336-6
[26]

Banerjee N, Schoofs J, Hollevoet S, Dumortier F, De Langhe E. 1987. Aspects and prospects of somatic embryogenesis in musa, abb, cv. bluggoe. Acta Horticulturae :727−30

doi: 10.17660/actahortic.1987.212.126
[27]

Da Silva Conceição ADS, Matsumoto K, Bakry F, Bernd-Souza RB. 1998. Plant regeneration from long-term callus culture of AAA-group dessert banana. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 33:1291−96

[28]

Kumar R, Ahmed MF, Mir H, Mehta S, Sohane RK. 2019. Study on in vitro establishment and callus induction in banana cv. Grand Nain. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 33: 1−5

doi: 10.9734/cjast/2019/v33i330073
[29]

Megia R, Haïcour R, Rossignol L, Sihachakr D. 1992. Callus formation from cultured protoplasts of banana (Musa sp.). Plant Science 85:91−98

doi: 10.1016/0168-9452(92)90097-6
[30]

Perez EA, Brunner H, Afza R. 1998. Somatic embryogenesis in banana (Musa ssp.) cv. lakatan and latundan. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 23:85

[31]

Dai X, Xiao W, Huang X, Zhao J, Chen Y, et al. 2010. Plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspensions and protoplasts of dessert banana cv. 'Da Jiao' (Musa paradisiacal ABB Linn.) via somatic embryogenesis. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 46:403−10

doi: 10.1007/s11627-010-9314-7
[32]

Assani A, Haicour R, Wenzel G, Côte F, Bakry F, et al. 2001. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of dessert banana cv. Grande Naine (Musa spp., Cavendish sub-group AAA) via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Reports 20:482−88

doi: 10.1007/s002990100366
[33]

Skoog F, Miller CO. 1957. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 11:118−30

[34]

Goren R, Altman A, Giladi I. 1979. Role of ethylene in abscisic acid-induced callus formation in Citrus bud cultures. Plant Physiology 63:280−82

doi: 10.1104/pp.63.2.280
[35]

Hu Y, Bao F, Li J. 2000. Promotive effect of brassinosteroids on cell division involves a distinct CycD3-induction pathway in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 24:693−701

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00915.x
[36]

Srangsam A, Kanchanapoom K. 2003. Thidiazuron induced plant regeneration in callus culture of triploid banana (Musa sp.) 'Gros Michel', AAA group. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 25:689−96

[37]

Escalant JV, Teisson C, Cote F. 1994. Amplified somatic embryogenesis from male flowers of triploid banana and plantain cultivars (Musa spp.). In Vitro – Plant 30:181−86

doi: 10.1007/BF02823029
[38]

Pervin MR, Azam FMS, Morshed MT, Rahman S, Hero MKA, et al. 2013. Natural growth substances has effective role in callus culture of banana (Musa spp.) cultivar 'Anupam' (AAB genome, Sapientum subgroup). American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 7:149−54

[39]

Nandhakumar N, Kumar K, Sudhakar D, Soorianathasundaram K. 2018. Plant regeneration, developmental pattern and genetic fidelity of somatic embryogenesis derived Musa spp. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 16:587−98

doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.10.001
[40]

Kumaravel M, Backiyarani S, Saraswathi MS, Arun K, Uma S. 2020. Induction of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in recalcitrant Musa spp. by media manipulation based on SE's molecular mechanism. Acta Horticulturae 1272: 119−27

doi: 10.17660/actahortic.2020.1272.15
[41]

Kevers C, Bisbis B, Le Dily F, Billard JP, Huault C, et al. 1995. Darkness improves growth and delays necrosis in a nonchlorophyllous habituated sugarbeet callus: biochemical changes. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 31:122−26

doi: 10.1007/BF02632249
[42]

Munguatosha N, Emerald M, Patric N. 2014. Control of lethal browning by using ascorbic acid on shoot tip cultures of a local Musa spp. (Banana) cv. Mzuzu in Tanzania. African Journal of Biotechnology 13:1721−25

doi: 10.5897/ajb2013.13251
[43]

Safwat G, Abdul-Rahman F, El Sharbasy S. 2016. The effect of some antioxidants on blackening and growth of in vitro culture of banana (Musa spp. cv. grand naine). Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 44:47−59

[44]

Jarret RL, Rodriguez W, Fernandez R. 1985. Evaluation, tissue culture propagation, and dissemination of 'Saba' and 'Pelipita' plantains in Costa Rica. Scientia Horticulturae 25:137−47

doi: 10.1016/0304-4238(85)90085-8
[45]

Santos de Oliveira H, Filgueira de Lemos O, Miranda VS, Cristina da Paixão Moura H, Campelo MF, et al. 2011. Establishment and in vitro multiplication of banana (Musa spp.) cultivars with the use of PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone). Acta Amazonica 41:369−76

doi: 10.1590/S0044-59672011000300006
[46]

Onuoha IC, Eze CJ, Unamba CIN. 2011. In vitro prevention of browning in plantain culture. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences 11:13−17

doi: 10.3844/ojbsci.2011.13.17
[47]

Schoofs H. 1997. The origin of embryogenic cells in Musa. PhD thesis. KU Leuven, Belgium. 257 pp.

[48]

Rustagi A, Shekhar S, Kumar D, Lawrence K, Bhat V, et al. 2019. High speed regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in elite Indian banana cv. Somrani monthan (ABB). Vegetos 32:39−47

doi: 10.1007/s42535-019-00005-8
[49]

Srivastava PS, Bharti N, Pande D, Srivastava S. 2002. Role of mycorrhiza in in vitro micropropagation of plants. In Techniques in Mycorrhizal Studies, eds. Mukerji KG, Manoharachary C, Chamola BP. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 443−68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3209-3_23

[50]

Jiménez VM. 2005. Involvement of plant hormones and plant growth regulators on in vitro somatic embryogenesis. Plant Growth Regulation 47:91−110

doi: 10.1007/s10725-005-3478-x
[51]

Horstman A, Li M, Heidmann I, Weemen M, Chen B, et al. 2017. The BABY BOOM transcription factor activates the LEC1-ABI3-FUS3-LEC2 network to induce somatic embryogenesis. Plant Physiology 175:848−57

doi: 10.1104/pp.17.00232
[52]

Marimuthu K, Subbaraya U, Suthanthiram B, Marimuthu SS. 2019. Molecular analysis of somatic embryogenesis through proteomic approach and optimization of protocol in recalcitrant Musa spp. Physiologia Plantarum 167:282−301

doi: 10.1111/ppl.12966
[53]

Chung JP, Lu CC, Kuo LT, Ma SS, Shii CT. 2016. Acidogenic growth model of embryogenic cell suspension culture and qualitative mass production of somatic embryos from triploid bananas. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 124:241−51

doi: 10.1007/s11240-015-0888-y
[54]

Tripathi JN, Muwonge A, Tripathi L. 2012. Efficient regeneration and transformation protocol for plantain cv. 'Gonja manjaya' (Musa spp. AAB) using embryogenic cell suspension. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 48:216−24

doi: 10.1007/s11627-011-9422-z
[55]

Konan NK, Schöpke C, Cárcamo R, Beachy RN, Fauquet C. 1997. An efficient mass propagation system for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) based on nodal explants and axillary bud-derived meristems. Plant Cell Reports 16:444−49

doi: 10.1007/BF01092763
[56]

Groll J, Mycock DJ, Gray VM. 2002. Effect of medium salt concentration on differentiation and maturation of somatic embryos of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Annals of Botany 89:645−48

doi: 10.1093/aob/mcf095
[57]

Gray DJ. 1995. Somatic embryogenesis in grape. In Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, eds. Jain SM, Gupta PK, Newton RJ. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 191–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0491-3_12

[58]

Toonen MAJ, De Vries SC. 1995. Initiation of somatic embryos from single cells. In Embryogenesis: the Generation of a Plant, eds. Wang TL, Cuning A. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers. pp. 173−89

[59]

Côte FX, Folliot M, Domergue R, Dubois C. 2000. Field performance of embryogenic cell suspension-derived banana plants (Musa AAA, cv. Grande naine). Euphytica 112:245−51

doi: 10.1023/A:1003960724547
[60]

Jafari N, Othman RY, Tan BC, Khalid N. 2015. Morphohistological and molecular profiles during the developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis of Musa acuminata cv. 'Berangan' (AAA). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37:45

doi: 10.1007/s11738-015-1796-9
[61]

Husin N, Jalil M, Othman RY, Khalid N. 2014. Enhancement of regeneration efficiency in banana (Musa acuminata cv. Berangan) by using proline and glutamine. Scientia Horticulturae 168:33−37

doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.013
[62]

Ma SS. 1991. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension culture of banana. Proceedings of Symposium on Tissue culture of horticultural crops, Taipei, Taiwan, 1988. pp. 181–88

[63]

Litz RE, Gray DJ. 1995. Somatic embryogenesis for agricultural improvement. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 11:416−25

doi: 10.1007/BF00364617
[64]

Schiavo FL, Giuliano G, de Vries SC, Genga A, Bollini R, et al. 1990. A carrot cell variant temperature sensitive for somatic embryogenesis reveals a defect in the glycosylation of extracellular proteins. Molecular and General Genetics MGG 223:385−93

doi: 10.1007/BF00264444
[65]

Guzzo F, Baldan B, Mariani P, Schiavo FL, Terzi M. 1994. Studies on the origin of totipotent cells in explants of Daucus carota L. Journal of Experimental Botany 45:1427−32

doi: 10.1093/jxb/45.10.1427
[66]

Danin M, Upfold SJ, Levin N, Nadel BL, Altman A, et al. 1993. Polyamines and cytokinins in celery embryogenic cell cultures. Plant Growth Regulation 12:245−54

doi: 10.1007/BF00027205
[67]

Hare PD, van Staden J. 1997. The molecular basis of cytokinin action. Plant Growth Regulation 23:41−78

doi: 10.1023/A:1005902508249
[68]

Schiavone FM, Cooke TJ. 1985. A geometric analysis of somatic embryo formation in carrot cell cultures. Canadian Journal of Botany 63:1573−78

doi: 10.1139/b85-218
[69]

Attree SM, Moore D, Sawhney VK, Fowke LC. 1991. Enhanced maturation and desiccation tolerance of white spruce[Picea glauca (Moench) voss] somatic embryos: effects of a non-plasmolysing water stress and abscisic acid. Annals of Botany 68:519−25

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088291
[70]

Bomal C, Le VQ, Tremblay FM. 2002. Induction of tolerance to fast desiccation in black spruce (Picea mariana) somatic embryos: relationship between partial water loss, sugars, and dehydrins. Physiologia Plantarum 115:523−30

doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150406.x
[71]

Bewley JD, Bradford KJ, Hilhorst HWM, Nonogaki H. 2013. Development and maturation. In Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy, 3rd Edition. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 27–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4693-4_2

[72]

Dekkers BJW, Bentsink L. 2015. Regulation of seed dormancy by abscisic acid and DELAY OF GERMINATION 1. Seed Science Research 25:82−98

doi: 10.1017/s0960258514000415
[73]

Maldonado-Borges JI, Ku-Cauich JR, Escobedo-GraciaMedrano RM. 2013. Annotation of differentially expressed genes in the somatic embryogenesis of Musa and their location in the banana genome. The Scientific World Journal 2013:535737

doi: 10.1155/2013/535737
[74]

del Rivero Bautista N, Agramante-Peñalver D, Barbón-Rodríguez R, Camacho-Chiu W, Collado-López R, et al. 2008. Embriogénesis somática en (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.) variedad 'LAMBADA'. Ra Ximhai 135−49

[75]

Smith DL, Krikorian AD. 1990. Somatic embryogenesis of carrot in hormone-free medium: external pH control over morphogenesis. American Journal of Botany 77:1634−47

doi: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb11403.x
[76]

Smith DL, Krikorian AD. 1991. Growth and maintenance of an embryogenic cell culture of daylily (Hemerocallis) on hormone-free medium. Annals of Botany 67:443−49

doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088180
[77]

Krikorian AD. 2000. Historical insights into some contemporary problems in somatic embryogenesis. In Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, eds. Jain SM, Gupta PK, Newton RJ. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 17–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3030-3_2

[78]

Nomura K, Komamine A. 1985. Identification and isolation of single cells that produce somatic embryos at a high frequency in a carrot suspension culture. Plant Physiology 79:988−91

doi: 10.1104/pp.79.4.988
[79]

Fujimura T, Komamine A. 1979. Synchronization of somatic embryogenesis in a carrot cell suspension culture. Plant Physiology 64:162−64

doi: 10.1104/pp.64.1.162
[80]

Namanya P, Magambo SM, Mutumba G, Tushemereirwe W. 2004. Somatic embryogenesis from immature male inflorescences of East African highland banana CV 'Nakyetengu'. African Crop Science Journal 12:43−49

doi: 10.4314/acsj.v12i1.27661
[81]

Domergue FGR, Ferrière N, Côte FX. 2000. Morphohistological study of the different constituents of a banana (Musa AAA, cv. Grande naine) embryogenic cell suspension. Plant Cell Reports 19:748−54

doi: 10.1007/s002999900188
[82]

Kulkarni VM, Bapat VA. 2013. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures of Rajeli (AAB), an endangered banana cultivar. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 22:132−37

doi: 10.1007/s13562-012-0119-0
[83]

Bhardwaj L, Ramawat KG. 1993. Effect of anti-oxidants and adsorbents on tissue browning associated metabolism in Cocculus pendulus callus cultures. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 31:715−18

[84]

El-Kereamy A, Bi YM, Mahmood K, Ranathunge K, Yaish MW, et al. 2015. Overexpression of the CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGRX6 affects hormone and nitrogen status in rice plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 6:934

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00934
[85]

Patterson K, Walters LA, Cooper AM, Olvera JG, Rosas MA, et al. 2016. Nitrate-regulated glutaredoxins control Arabidopsis primary root growth. Plant Physiology 170:989−99

doi: 10.1104/pp.15.01776
[86]

Boutilier K, Offringa R, Sharma VK, Kieft H, Ouellet T, et al. 2002. Ectopic expression of BABY BOOM triggers a conversion from vegetative to embryonic growth. The Plant Cell 14:1737−49

doi: 10.1105/tpc.001941
[87]

Lotan T, Ohto MA, Yee KM, West MAL, Lo R, et al. 1998. Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 is sufficient to induce embryo development in vegetative cells. Cell 93:1195−205

doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81463-4
[88]

Ji W, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yang L, Zhao X, et al. 2010. Over-expression of a glutathione S-transferase gene, GsGST, from wild soybean (Glycine soja) enhances drought and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Biotechnology Letters 32:1173−79

doi: 10.1007/s10529-010-0269-x
[89]

Suer S, Agusti J, Sanchez P, Schwarz M, Greb T. 2011. WOX4 imparts auxin responsiveness to cambium cells in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 23:3247−59

doi: 10.1105/tpc.111.087874
[90]

Grapin A, Ortiz JL, Domergue R, Babeau J, Monmarson S, et al. 1998. Establishment of embryogenic callus and initiation and regeneration of embryogenic cell suspensions from female and male immature flowers of Musa. InfoMusa 7:13−15

[91]

Cote F, Goue O, Domergue R, Panis B, Jenny C. 2000. In-field behaviour of banana plants (Musa AA sp) obtained after regeneration of cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspensions. Cryo Letters 21:19−24

[92]

Youssef M, James A, Mayo-Mosqueda A, Ku-Cauich JR, Grijalva-Arango R, et al. 2010. Influence of genotype and age of explant source on the capacity for somatic embryogenesis of two Cavendish banana cultivars Musa acuminata Colla AAA. African Journal of Biotechnology 9:2216−23

[93]

Widholm JM. 1972. The use of fluorescein diacetate and phenosafranine for determining viability of cultured plant cells. Stain Technology 47:189−94

doi: 10.3109/10520297209116483
[94]

Roux N, Strosse H, Toloza A, Panis B, Doležel J. 2004. Detecting ploidy level instability of banana embryogenic cell suspension cultures by flow cytometry. In Banana Improvement: Cellular Molecular Biology and Induced Mutations, eds. Jain S.M, Sweennen R. Enfield, UK: Science Publishers Inc. pp.183−91

[95]

Rodrigues PHV, Tulmann Neto A, Cassieri Neto P, Mendes BMJ. 1998. Influence of the number of subcultures on somaclonal variation in micropropagated nanicão (Musa spp., AAA group). Acta Horticulturae 490:469−74

doi: 10.17660/actahortic.1998.490.49
[96]

Pérez EA, Hooks CR. 2008. Preparing tissue-cultured banana plantlets for field planting. Biotechnology 8:1−3

[97]

Tomekpe K, Fondi E. 2008. Regeneration guidelines of banana. In Crop specific regeneration guidelines, eds. Dulloo ME, Thormann I, Jorge MA, Hanson J. Rome, Italy: SGRP. 9 pp

[98]

Ghag SB, Shekhawat UKS, Ganapathi TR. 2014. Transgenic banana plants expressing a Stellaria media defensin gene (Sm-AMP-D1) demonstrate improved resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 119:247−55

doi: 10.1007/s11240-014-0529-x
[99]

Schoofs H, Panis B, Strosse H, Mayo Mosqueda A, Lopez Torres J, et al. 1999. Bottlenecks in the generation and maintenance of morphogenic banana cell suspensions and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis therefrom. InfoMusa 8:3−7

[100]

Konieczny R, Sliwinska E, Pilarska M, Tuleja M. 2012. Morphohistological and flow cytometric analyses of somatic embryogenesis in Trifolium nigrescens Viv. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 109:131−41

doi: 10.1007/s11240-011-0081-x
[101]

Larkin PJ, Scowcroft WR. 1981. Somaclonal variation—a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 60:197−214

doi: 10.1007/BF02342540
[102]

Bairu MW, Aremu AO, Van Staden J. 2011. Somaclonal variation in plants: causes and detection methods. Plant Growth Regulation 63:147−73

doi: 10.1007/s10725-010-9554-x
[103]

D'Amato F. 1990. Somatic nuclear mutationsin vivo and in vitro in higher plants. Caryologia 43:191−204

doi: 10.1080/00087114.1990.10796998
[104]

Evans DA, Sharp WR, Medina-Filho HP. 1984. Somaclonal and gametoclonal variation. American Journal of Botany 71:759−74

doi: 10.2307/2443467
[105]

Sahijram L, Soneji JR, Bollamma KT. 2003. Analyzing somaclonal variation in micropropagated bananas (Musa spp.). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 39:551−56

doi: 10.1079/IVP2003467
[106]

Dhed'a D. 1992. Culture de suspensions cellulaires embryogèniques et règènèration en plantules par embryogènèse somatique chez le bananier et le bananier plantain (Musa spp.). PhD Thesis. KU Leuven, Belgium

[107]

Côte FX, Domergue R, Monmarson S, Schwendiman J, Teisson C, et al. 1996. Embryogenic cell suspensions from the male flower of Musa AAA cv. Grand nain. Physiologia Plantarum 97:285−90

doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970211.x
[108]

Bairu MW, Fennell CW, van Staden J. 2006. The effect of plant growth regulators on somaclonal variation in Cavendish banana (Musa AAA cv. 'Zelig'). Scientia Horticulturae 108:347−51

doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.01.039
[109]

Xu C, Panis B, Strosse H, Li H, Xiao H, et al. 2005. Establishment of embryogenic cell suspensions and plant regeneration of the dessert banana 'Williams' (Musa AAA group). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 80:551−56

doi: 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511972
[110]

Torres JL, Kosky RG, Pérez NM, Alvarez DR, Cabrera AR, et al. 2012. New explant for somatic embryogenesis induction and plant regeneration from diploid banana ('Calcutta 4', Musa AA). Biotecnología Vegetal 12:25−31

[111]

Sidha M, Suprasanna P, Bapat VA, Kulkarni UG, Shinde BN. 2007. Developing somatic embryogenic culture system and plant regeneration in banana. BARC Newsletter 285:153−61

[112]

Ali M, Abbasi BH, Ihsan-ul-haq. 2013. Production of commercially important secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures of Artemisia absinthium L. Industrial Crops and Products 49:400−6

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033
[113]

Tripathi JN, Oduor RO, Tripathi L. 2015. A high-throughput regeneration and transformation platform for production of genetically modified banana. Frontiers in Plant Science 6:1025

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01025
[114]

Ribeiro LO, Paiva LV, Pádua MS, Santos BR, Alves E, et al. 2012. Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of various types of banana callus, cv. Prata anã. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy 34:423−29

doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v34i4.14501
[115]

Aspuria ET, de Juras RJC. 2009. Plantlet regeneration from cell suspension cultures of banana cv. Saba via somatic embryogenesis. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 34:1−12

[116]

Cronauer SS, Krikorian AD. 1986. Banana (Musa spp.). Trees 1: 233

[117]

Krikorian AD. 1996. Strategies for "minimal growth maintenance" of cell cultures: a perspective on management for extended duration experimentation in the microgravity environment of a space station. The Botanical Review 62:41−108

doi: 10.1007/BF02868920
[118]

Dhed'a DB, Dumortier F, Panis B, Vuylsteke D. 1991. Plant regeneration in cell suspension cultures of the cooking banana cv. Bluggoes' (Musa spp. ABB group). Fruits 46:125−35

[119]

Meenakshi S, Shinde BN, Suprasanna P. 2011. Somatic embryogenesis from immature male flowers and molecular analysis of regenerated plants in banana 'Lal Kela' (AAA). Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 19:15−30

[120]

Elayabalan S, Kalaiponmani K, Pillay M, Chandrasekar A, Selvarajan R, et al. 2013. Efficient regeneration of the endangered banana cultivar Virupakshi AAB via embryogenic cell suspension from immature male flowers. African Journal of Biotechnology 12:563−69

[121]

Khalil S, Cheah K, Perez E, Gaskill D, Hu J. 2002. Regeneration of banana (Musa spp. AAB cv. Dwarf Brazilian) via secondary somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Reports 20:1128−34

doi: 10.1007/s00299-002-0461-0
[122]

Karintanyakit P, Suvittawat K, Chinachit W, Silayoi B, Saratultad P. 2014. The impact of genome and 2, 4-d on callus induction from immature male flowers of seven banana cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 1027:253−55

doi: 10.17660/actahortic.2014.1024.33
[123]

Morais-Lino LS, Almeida Santos-Serejo J, Amorim EP, de Santana JRF, Pasqual M, et al. 2016. Somatic embryogenesis, cell suspension, and genetic stability of banana cultivars. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 52:99−106

doi: 10.1007/s11627-015-9729-2
[124]

Morais-Lino LS, Almeida dos Santos-Serejo J, de Oliveira e Silva S, de Santana JRF, Kobayashi AK. 2008. Cell suspension culture and plant regeneration of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 43:1325−30

doi: 10.1590/s0100-204x2008001000010
[125]

Navarro C, Escobedo RM, Mayo A. 1997. In vitro plant regeneration from embryogenic cultures of a diploid and a triploid, Cavendish banana. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 51:17−25

doi: 10.1023/A:1005965030075
[126]

Wei Y, Yang H, Huang B, Huang X, Huang X, et al. 2007. Effects of picloram, ABA and TDZ on somatic embryogenesis of banana. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 34:81−86

doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2007.01.017
[127]

Strosse H, Schoofs H, Panis B, Andre E, Reyniers K, et al. 2006. Development of embryogenic cell suspensions from shoot meristematic tissue in bananas and plantains (Musa spp.). Plant Science 170:104−12

doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.08.007
[128]

Sadik K, Arinaitwe G, Rubaihayo PR, Kiggundu A, and Mukasa SB. 2014. TDZ and 4-CPPU in Gamborg B5 salts with ms vitamins doubles embryogenic response from male flowers of EA-AAA banana. African Crop Science Journal 22:191−203

[129]

Novak FJ, Afza R, Van Duren M, Perea-Dallos M, Conger BV, et al. 1989. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in suspension cultures of dessert (AA and AAA) and cooking (ABB) bananas (Musa spp.). Bio/Technology 7:154−59

doi: 10.1038/nbt0289-154
[130]

Jalil M, Khalid N, Yasmin Othman RY. 2003. Plant regeneration from embryogenic suspension cultures of Musa acuminata cv. Mas (AA). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 75:209−14

doi: 10.1023/A:1025814922547
[131]

Grapin A, Ortíz JL, Lescot T, Ferrière N, Côte FX. 2000. Recovery and regeneration of embryogenic cultures from female flowers of False Horn Plantain. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 61:237−44

doi: 10.1023/A:1006423304033
[132]

Khalil SM, Elbanna AAM. 2004. Highly efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration via suspension cultures of banana (Musa spp.). Arab Journal of Biotechnology 7:99−110