[1]

Mganga KZ, Kaindi E, Ndathi AJN, Bosma L, Kioko T, et al. 2021. Morphoecological characteristics of grasses used to restore degraded semi-arid African rangelands. Ecological Solutions and Evidence 2:e12078

doi: 10.1002/2688-8319.12078
[2]

Flint SA, Shaw RG, Jordan NR. 2021. Effects of selection regime on invasive characteristics in an emerging biomass crop, Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Sustainability 13:5045

doi: 10.3390/su13095045
[3]

Lee D, Owens VN, Boe A, Koo BC. 2009. Biomass and seed yields of big bluestem, switchgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass in response to manure and harvest timing at two topographic positions. GCB Bioenergy 1:171−79

doi: 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2009.01008.x
[4]

Hong CO, Owens VN, Lee DK, Boe A. 2013. Switchgrass, big bluestem, and indiangrass monocultures and their two- and three-way mixtures for bioenergy in the Northern Great Plains. BioEnergy Research 6:229−39

doi: 10.1007/s12155-012-9252-9
[5]

Smart AJ, Moser LE, Vogel KP. 2004. Morphological characteristics of big bluestem and switchgrass plants divergently selected for seedling tiller number. Crop Science 44:607−13

doi: 10.2135/cropsci2004.6070
[6]

Clusella-Trullas S, Garcia RA. 2017. Impacts of invasive plants on animal diversity in South Africa: a synthesis. Bothalia 47:a2166

doi: 10.4102/abc.v47i2.2166
[7]

Shabbir A, Dhileepan K, O'Donnell C, Adkins SW. 2013. Complementing biological control with plant suppression: implications for improved management of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Biological Control 64:270−75

doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.11.014
[8]

Blumenthal DM, Jordan NR, Svenson EL. 2005. Effects of prairie restoration on weed invasions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 107:221−30

doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2004.11.008
[9]

Cherniavskih VI, Dumacheva EV, Marinich MN, Sajfutdinova LD. 2021. The role of perennial grasses in the accumulation of organic matter in soil-saving agriculture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901:012056

doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012056
[10]

Boschma SP. 2010. Tropical perennial grasses - the role of fertilisers and nitrogen. Primefacts 1050:1−3

[11]

Wedin DA, Tilman D. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses. Oecologia 84:433−41

doi: 10.1007/BF00328157
[12]

Kosolapov VM, Cherniavskih VI, Dumacheva EV, Marinich MN, Sajfutdinova LD, et al. 2021. The role of perennial grasses in the protection of soil resources of erosive ecosystems with active development of linear erosion IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 901:012007

doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012007
[13]

Lodge GM. 1994. The role and future use of perennial native grasses for temperate pastures in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 37:419−26

doi: 10.1080/00288233.1994.9513079
[14]

Devin S, Beisel JN. 2007. Biological and ecological characteristics of invasive species: a gammarid study. Biological Invasions 9:13−24

doi: 10.1007/s10530-006-9001-0
[15]

Ojija F, Petruzzellis F, Bacaro G. 2024. Review of Invasive plant functional traits and management using remote sensing in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Plant Biology 15:358−74

doi: 10.3390/ijpb15020029
[16]

Gaskin JF, Espeland E, Johnson CD, Larson DL, Mangold JM, et al. 2021. Managing invasive plants on Great Plains grasslands: a discussion of current challenges. Rangeland Ecology & Management 78:235−49

doi: 10.1016/j.rama.2020.04.003
[17]

Petruzzellis F, Tordoni E, Tomasella M, Savi T, Tonet V, et al. 2021. Functional differentiation of invasive and native plants along a leaf efficiency/safety trade-off. Environmental and Experimental Botany 188:104518

doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104518
[18]

Keller RP, Geist J, Jeschke JM, Kühn I. 2011. Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status, and policy. Environmental Sciences Europe 23:23

doi: 10.1186/2190-4715-23-23
[19]

Diagne C, Turbelin AJ, Moodley D, Novoa A, Leroy B, et al. 2021. The economic costs of biological invasions in Africa: a growing but neglected threat? NeoBiota 67:11−51

doi: 10.3897/neobiota.67.59132
[20]

Ojija F, Lutambi LP. 2022. An invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus reduces native forage cover. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 5:318−26

doi: 10.37284/eajenr.5.1.862
[21]

Boy G, Witt A. 2013. Invasive alien plants and their management in Africa, vol 1. Nairobi: CABI Africa. 184 pp. www.cabi.org/Uploads/CABI/publishing/promotional-materials/african-invasives-book.pdf

[22]

Reichmann LG, Schwinning S, Polley HW, Fay PA. 2016. Traits of an invasive grass conferring an early growth advantage over native grasses. Journal of Plant Ecology 9:672−81

doi: 10.1093/jpe/rtw014
[23]

Dyderski MK, Jagodziński AM. 2020. Impact of invasive tree species on natural regeneration species composition, diversity, and density. Forests 11:456

doi: 10.3390/f11040456
[24]

Kohli RK, Batish DR, Singh HP, Dogra KS. 2006. Status, invasiveness and environmental threats of three tropical American invasive weeds (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Lantana camara L.) in India. Biological Invasions 8:1501−10

doi: 10.1007/s10530-005-5842-1
[25]

Weidenhamer JD, Callaway RM. 2010. Direct and indirect effects of invasive plants on soil chemistry and ecosystem function. Journal of Chemical Ecology 36:59−69

doi: 10.1007/s10886-009-9735-0
[26]

Schantz M, Sheley R, Hardegree S. 2019. Restoring perennial grasses in Medusahead habitat: role of tilling, fire, herbicides, and seeding rate. Rangeland Ecology & Management 72:249−59

doi: 10.1016/j.rama.2018.10.012
[27]

Munishi LK, Ngondya IB. 2022. Realizing UN decade on ecosystem restoration through a nature-based approach: a case review of management of biological invasions in protected area. PLOS Sustain Transform 1:e0000027

doi: 10.1371/journal.pstr.0000027
[28]

Kideghesho JR, Rija AA, Mwamende KA, Selemani IS. 2013. Emerging issues and challenges in conservation of biodiversity in the rangelands of Tanzania. Nature Conservation 6:1−29

doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.6.5407
[29]

Mng'ong'o ME, Ojija F, Aloo BN. 2023. The role of Rhizobia toward food production, food and soil security through microbial agro-input utilization in developing countries. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 8:100404

doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100404
[30]

De Deyn GB, Raaijmakers CE, Zoomer HR, Berg MP, de Ruiter PC, et al. 2003. Soil invertebrate fauna enhances grassland succession and diversity. Nature 422:711−13

doi: 10.1038/nature01548
[31]

Lavelle P, Decaëns T, Aubert M, Barot S, Blouin M, et al. 2006. Soil invertebrates and ecosystem services. European Journal of Soil Biology 42:S3−S15

doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2006.10.002
[32]

Bardgett RD, Van Der Putten WH. 2014. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature 515:505−11

doi: 10.1038/nature13855
[33]

Aloo BN, Tripathi V, Makumba BA, Mbega ER. 2022. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial biofertilizers for crop production: the past, present, and future. Frontiers in Plant Science 13:1002448

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002448
[34]

Arif MS, Riaz M, Shahzad SM, Yasmeen T, Akhtar MJ, et al. 2016. Associative interplay of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS40) with nitrogen fertilizers improves sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) productivity and fertility of aridisol. Applied Soil Ecology 108:238−47

doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.08.016
[35]

Gonzalez VH, Cobos ME, Jaramillo J, Ospina R. 2021. Climate change will reduce the potential distribution ranges of Colombia's most valuable pollinators. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 19:195−206

doi: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.02.010
[36]

Harvey JA, Tougeron K, Gols R, Heinen R, Abarca M, et al. 2023. Scientists' warning on climate change and insects. Ecological Monographs 93:e1553

doi: 10.1002/ecm.1553
[37]

Steiner JL, Lin X, Cavallaro N, Basso G, Sassenrath G. 2023. Climate change impacts on soil, water, and biodiversity conservation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 78:27A−32A

doi: 10.2489/jswc.2023.0208A
[38]

Bezerra ADM, Pacheco Filho AJS, Bomfim IGA, Smagghe G, Freitas BM. 2019. Agricultural area losses and pollinator mismatch due to climate changes endanger passion fruit production in the Neotropics. Agricultural Systems 169:49−57

doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2018.12.002
[39]

Schuster MJ, Wragg PD, Reich PB. 2018. Using revegetation to suppress invasive plants in grasslands and forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 55:2362−73

doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13195
[40]

Chang J, Ciais P, Gasser T, Smith P, Herrero M, et al. 2021. Climate warming from managed grasslands cancels the cooling effect of carbon sinks in sparsely grazed and natural grasslands. Nature Communications 12:118

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20406-7
[41]

Parmesan C, Yohe G. 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421:37−42

doi: 10.1038/nature01286
[42]

Skendžić S, Zovko M, Živković IP, Lešić V, Lemić D. 2021. The impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests. Insects 12:440

doi: 10.3390/insects12050440
[43]

Giles ME, Caul S, King D, Mitchell S, Sim A, et al. 2023. Grass variety selection of microbial community composition is associated with differences in soil CO2 emissions. Applied Soil Ecology 190:104968

doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.104968
[44]

Carlier L, Rotar I, Vlahova M, Vidican R. 2009. Importance and functions of grasslands. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37:25−30

[45]

Wang R, Mattox CM, Phillips CL, Kowalewski AR. 2022. Carbon sequestration in turfgrass–soil systems. Plants 11:2478

doi: 10.3390/plants11192478
[46]

Phillips CL, Wang R, Mattox C, Trammell TLE, Young J, et al. 2023. High soil carbon sequestration rates persist several decades in turfgrass systems: a meta-analysis. Science of The Total Environment 858:159974

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159974
[47]

Daehler CC. 2003. Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: implications for conservation and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:183−211

doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132403
[48]

Maron JL, Marler M. 2008. Effects of native species diversity and resource additions on invader impact. The American Naturalist 172:S18−S33

doi: 10.1086/588303
[49]

Glover JD, Reganold JP, Cox CM. 2012. Plant perennials to save Africa's soils. Nature 489:359−61

doi: 10.1038/489359a
[50]

Dhakal D, Islam M. 2018. Grass-legume mixtures for improved soil health in cultivated agroecosystem. Sustainability 10:2718

doi: 10.3390/su10082718
[51]

Tilman D, Reich PB, Knops JMH. 2006. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 441:629−32

doi: 10.1038/nature04742
[52]

Horrocks CA, Arango J, Arevalo A, Nuñez J, Cardoso JA, et al. 2019. Smart forage selection could significantly improve soil health in the tropics. Science of The Total Environment 688:609−21

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.152
[53]

Braun RC, Bremer DJ. 2018. Nitrous oxide emissions in turfgrass systems: a review. Agronomy Journal 110:2222−32

doi: 10.2134/agronj2018.02.0133
[54]

Smith J, Potts S, Eggleton P. 2008. The value of sown grass margins for enhancing soil macrofaunal biodiversity in arable systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 127:119−25

doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.008
[55]

Ikoyi I, Grange G, Finn JA, Brennan FP. 2023. Plant diversity enhanced nematode-based soil quality indices and changed soil nematode community structure in intensively-managed agricultural grasslands. European Journal of Soil Biology 118:103542

doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2023.103542
[56]

Mathieu J, Grimaldi M, Jouquet P, Rouland C, Lavelle P, et al. 2009. Spatial patterns of grasses influence soil macrofauna biodiversity in Amazonian pastures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41:586−93

doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.12.020
[57]

Yang Y, Reilly EC, Jungers JM, Chen J, Smith TM. 2019. Climate benefits of increasing plant diversity in perennial bioenergy crops. One Earth 1:434−45

doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.11.011
[58]

Lal R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304:1623−27

doi: 10.1126/science.1097396
[59]

Conant RT, Paustian K, Elliott ET. 2001. Grassland management and conversion into grassland: effects on soil carbon. Ecological Applications 11:343−55

doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0343:GMACIG]2.0.CO;2
[60]

Skersiene A, Slepetiene A, Stukonis V, Norkeviciene E. 2024. Contributions of different perennial grass species and their roots' characteristics to soil organic carbon accumulation. Sustainability 16:6037

doi: 10.3390/su16146037
[61]

DeLuca TH, Zabinski CA. 2011. Prairie ecosystems and the carbon problem. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9:407−13

doi: 10.1890/100063
[62]

Yang G, Roy J, Veresoglou SD, Rillig MC. 2021. Soil biodiversity enhances the persistence of legumes under climate change. New Phytologist 229:2945−56

doi: 10.1111/nph.17065
[63]

Robertson GP, Vitousek PM. 2009. Nitrogen in agriculture: balancing the cost of an essential resource. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34:97−125

doi: 10.1146/annurev.environ.032108.105046
[64]

Lv J, Wang H, Chang N, Li H, Shi C. 2023. Effects of Datura stramonium L. invasion into different habitats on native plant functional traits and soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometric characteristics. Biology 12:1497

doi: 10.3390/biology12121497
[65]

Nyasembe VO, Cheseto X, Kaplan F, Foster WA, Teal PEA, et al. 2015. The invasive American weed Parthenium hysterophorus can negatively impact malaria control in Africa. PLoS ONE 10:e0137836

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137836
[66]

Gannon JJ, Grant TA, Vacek SC, Dixon CS, Moore CT. 2024. Crisis on the prairies revisited: implementation of the native prairie adaptive management program. Ecological Restoration 42:64−76

doi: 10.3368/er.42.1.64
[67]

Quinn LD, Holt JS. 2009. Restoration for resistance to invasion by Giant Reed (Arundo donax). Invasive Plant Science and Management 2:279−91

doi: 10.1614/IPSM-09-001.1
[68]

Jordan NR, Larson DL, Huerd SC. 2008. Soil modification by invasive plants: effects on native and invasive species of mixed-grass prairies. Biological Invasions 10:177−90

doi: 10.1007/s10530-007-9121-1
[69]

Stromberg JC, Lite SJ, Marler R, Paradzick C, Shafroth PB, et al. 2007. Altered stream-flow regimes and invasive plant species: the Tamarix case. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16:381−93

doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00297.x