| [1] |
Li FD, Du HY. 2001. Eucommia ulmoides. Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| [2] |
Kang XY. 2017. Status and prospect of improved variety selection in Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 39(3):1−6 doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160377 |
| [3] |
Wuyun TN, Wang L, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang L, et al. 2018. The hardy rubber tree genome provides insights into the evolution of polyisoprene biosynthesis. Molecular Plant 11(3):429−42 doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.11.014 |
| [4] |
Zhou ZhK, Arata M. 2005. Fossil history of some endemic seed plants of East Asia and its phytogeographical significance. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 27(5):449−70 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0845.2005.05.001 |
| [5] |
Du H, Hu W, Yu R. 2013. Green book on the Eucommia industry: a report on China's Eucommia rubber resources and industry development. China: Social Sciences Academic Press. 384 pp |
| [6] |
Zhang M, Liang FN, Sun YW, et al. 2023. Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical application of Eucommia ulmoides. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 54(14):4740−61 |
| [7] |
Xing YF, He D, Wang Y, Zeng W, Zhang C, et al. 2019. Chemical constituents, biological functions and pharmacological effects for comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Food Science and Human Wellness 8(2):177−88 doi: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.013 |
| [8] |
Li D, Yang C, Huang Y, Li L, Han W, et al. 2022. Novel green resource material: Eucommia ulmoides gum. Resources Chemicals and Materials 1(1):114−28 doi: 10.1016/j.recm.2022.01.005 |
| [9] |
Zhang JC, Xue ZH, Yan RF, Fang SB. 2011. Natural polymer material—recent studies on Eucommia ulmoides gum. Acta Polymerica Sinica 10:1105−16 |
| [10] |
Zeng M, Long YQ, Zeng J, Yang M, Zhou XR, et al. 2023. Comparison of chemical constituents in different parts of Eucommiae Cortex. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine 45(4):1184−94 |
| [11] |
Takamura C, Hirata T, Yamaguchi Y, Ono M, Miyashita H, et al. 2007. Studies on the chemical constituents of green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Journal of Natural Medicines 61(2):220−21 doi: 10.1007/s11418-006-0027-5 |
| [12] |
Nakamura, T, Nakazawa, Y, Onizuka S, Satoh S, Chiba A, et al. 1997. Antimutagenicity of Tochu tea (an aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves): 1. The clastogen-suppressing effects of Tochuu tea in CHO cells and mice. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 388(1):7−20 doi: 10.1016/s1383-5718(96)00096-4 |
| [13] |
Deyama T, Ikawa T, Kitagawa S, Nishibe S. 1987. The constituents of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. V. Isolation of dihydroxydihydrocinnamyl alcohol isomers and phenolic compounds. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(5):1785−89 doi: 10.1248/cpb.35.1785 |
| [14] |
Bianco, A, Iavarone, C, Trogolo, C. 1974. Structure of eucommiol, a new cyclopentenoid-tetrol from Eucommia ulmoides. Tetrahedron 30(23−24):4117−21 doi: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)97394-6 |
| [15] |
Cheng J, Zhao YY, Cui YX. 2000. Studies on Flavonoids from Leave of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 25(5):284 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-5302.2000.05.010 |
| [16] |
Tang FR, Zhang ZL, Zuo YM, Chen LY, Luo J, et al. 2014. Chemical components of flavonoids of Eucommiae folium. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 20(5):90−92 |
| [17] |
Sun LP, Ma L, Zhang B, Xu H. 2009. Research process of flavonoids in Eucommia ulmoides. Science and Technology of Food Industry 2009(3):359−63 |
| [18] |
Zuo YM, Zhang ZL, Li YY, Chen LY, Liu RH, et al. 2014. Study on the chemical components of lignans of Folium eucommiae. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 25:1317−19 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2014.06.014 |
| [19] |
Luo LF, Wu WH, Ouyang DS, Zhou HH. 2006. Antihypertensive components and mechanisms of Eucommia ulmoides. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 37(1):150−52 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2670.2006.01.052 |
| [20] |
Deyama T. 1983. The constituents of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. I. Isolation of (+)-medioresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 31(9):2993−97 doi: 10.1248/cpb.31.2993 |
| [21] |
Kwan CY, Zhang WB, Deyama T, Nishibe S. 2004. Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation induced by Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark extract is mediated by NO and EDHF in small vessels. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 369(2):206−21 doi: 10.1007/s00210-003-0822-4 |
| [22] |
Wu SM, Sun W, Gao YH, Ren L, Chen KM. 2021. Promoted effect of pinoresinol diglucoside on bone formation of osteoblasts in vitro culture. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials 33(5):9−12 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2021.05.003 |
| [23] |
Chen L, Huang X, Li X, Zhang T, Hao C, et al. 2020. Geniposide promotes the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells by regulation of microRNA-214. International Immunopharmacology 80:106121 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106121 |
| [24] |
Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lu W, Liu X, et al. 2020. Aucubin exerts anti-osteoporotic effects by promoting osteoblast differentiation. Aging 12(3):2226−45 doi: 10.18632/aging.102742 |
| [25] |
Kwon SH, Lee HK, Kim JA, Hong SI, Kim SY, et al. 2011. Neuroprotective effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark on amyloid beta25-35-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Neuroscience Letters 487(1):123−27 doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.042 |
| [26] |
Zhu YL, Sun MF, Jia XB, Zhang PH, Xu YD, et al. 2018. Aucubin alleviates glial cell activation and preserves dopaminergic neurons in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonian mice. NeuroReport 29(13):1075−83 doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001075 |
| [27] |
Chen S, Zeng X, Zong W, Wang X, Chen L, et al. 2019. Aucubin alleviates seizure activity in Li-pilocarpine-induced epileptic mice: Involvement of inhibition of neuroinflammation and regulation of neurotransmission. Neurochemical Research 44(2):472−84 doi: 10.1007/s11064-018-2700-y |
| [28] |
Zhang L, Ravipati AS, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Reddy N, et al. 2013. Antifungal and anti-bacterial activities of ethanol extracts of selected traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 6(9):673−81 doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60117-0 |
| [29] |
Wang MY, Zhu YL. 2018. Study on the bacteriostasis effects of Folium Eucommiae extracting solution on five common bacteria in vitro. Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine 37(2):51−52 doi: 10.13823/j.cnki.jtcvm.2018.02.014 |
| [30] |
Sun YL, Dong JX, Wu SG. 2004. Experimental study on anti-HIV activity of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army 22(2):101−3 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5248.2004.02.007 |
| [31] |
Li J, Liang X, Zhou B, Chen X, Xie P, et al. 2019. (+)-pinoresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and its anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects against influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Molecular Medicine Reports 19(1):563−72 doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9696 |
| [32] |
Li WY, Zhang JX, Xie XW, Shi XF. 2024. Research progress on chemical components, pharmacological activities, and modern applications of Eucommiae Folium. Natural Product Research and Development, 36(5):900−17 doi: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.018 |
| [33] |
Zhang WP, Zhu W, Zhang L, Fu DM, Zhang ZD, et al. 2023. Contents of main active ingredients and correlation with different ages and parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Non-wood Forest Research 38(3):46−57 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2020.03.006 |
| [34] |
Zhong SJ, Yang X, Li J, Li YM, Li XS. 2017. Study on the total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity in different parts of Eucommiae ulmoides. China Pharmacy 28(13):1787−90 doi: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2017.13.17 |
| [35] |
Deng SL, Yu JH, Guan L. 2007. The determination of flavonoids in different parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Biomass Chemical Engineering 41(03):37−38 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5854.2007.03.010 |
| [36] |
Lv Q, Peng M J, Peng S, Lan WJ, Zhang CW, et al. 2012. Effects of different cultivation modes on the content of various active ingredients in leaves and bark of Eucommia ulmoides. Non-wood Forest Research 30(1):73−76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8981.2012.01.014 |
| [37] |
Zhang Z, Fu D, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zu Y. 2019. Simultaneous determination of 5 phenylpropanoids in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. in different parts with different growth ages by HPLC. Food Science 40(8):186−91 doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20180417-231 |
| [38] |
Li L, Guo Y, Zhao L, Zu Y, Gu H, et al. 2015. Enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous extraction for preparation of genipin from bark of Eucommia ulmoides after ultrasound, microwave pretreatment. Molecules 20(10):18717−31 doi: 10.3390/molecules201018717 |
| [39] |
Huang S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Chen Y, Jin X, et al. 2022. Study on difference of chlorogenic acid content in Eucommia ulmoides leaves under different harvesting time and optimization of chlorogenic acid extraction process. Feed Research 45(15):84−87 doi: 10.13557/j.cnki.issn1002-2813.2022.15.018 |
| [40] |
He XR, Li YS, Yang F, Rao H, Chang Y, et al. 2013. The effect of different harvesting time and drying methods on the contents of chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal 28(2):130−32 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2013.02.007 |
| [41] |
Wu KX, Wu B, Peng XX, Tang ZH, Chen LW. 2019. Active constituents and Eucommia gum content of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver from multiple origins. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 47(10):40−43,74 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2019.10.009 |
| [42] |
Li Y, Wei H, Yang J, Du K, Li J, Du K, Li J, et al. 2020. High-quality de novo assembly of the Eucommia ulmoides haploid genome provides new insights into evolution and rubber biosynthesis. Horticulture Research 7:183 doi: 10.1038/s41438-020-00406-w |
| [43] |
Vanholme R, Demedts B, Morreel K, Ralph J, Boerjan W. 2010. Lignin biosynthesis and structure. Plant Physiology 153(3):895−905 doi: 10.1104/pp.110.155119 |
| [44] |
Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Xu JY, Shan CM, Wu JW. 2022. Identification of key enzyme genes involved in biosynthesis pathways of lignan and lignin in Eucommia ulmoides based on transcriptome assembly. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 47(14):3765−72 doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220414.101 |
| [45] |
Kim HY, Moon BH, Lee HJ, Choi DH. 2004. Flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides O. with glycation inhibitory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 93(2):227−30 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.047 |
| [46] |
Li YF, Guo CJ. 2002. Metabolic research progress of quercetin. Progress in Physiological Sciences 2002(1):53−55 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-7765.2002.01.014 |
| [47] |
Zhou T, Yu Y, Xiao B, Bao L, Gao Y. 2017. Engineering of a flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) for biosynthesis of B-3′,4′-dihydroxylated flavones. Acta Microbiologica Sinica 57(3):447−58 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20160330 |
| [48] |
Li TZ, Du HY, Wang L. 2014. Differential expression of related genes of flavonoids biosynthesis in Eucommia ulmoides. Non-wood Forest Research 32(1):21−26 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2014.01.004 |
| [49] |
Li L, Liu M, Shi K, Yu Z, Zhou Y, et al. 2019. Dynamic changes in metabolite accumulation and the transcriptome during leaf growth and development in Eucommia ulmoides. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(16):4030 doi: 10.3390/ijms20164030 |
| [50] |
Wu LQ, Zhu WX, Zhang YX, Fu DD, Zhang ZX. 2005. Analysis of chlorogenic acid content and extraction detection method in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Food Science 26:187−92 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2005.z1.048 |
| [51] |
Kundu A, Vadassery J. 2019. Chlorogenic acid-mediated chemical defence of plants against insect herbivores. Plant Biology 21(2):185−89 doi: 10.1111/plb.12947 |
| [52] |
Franke R, Humphreys JM, Hemm MR, Denault JW, Ruegger MO, et al. 2002. The Arabidopsis REF8 gene encodes the 3-hydroxylase of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Journal 30:33−45 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01266.x |
| [53] |
Niggeweg R, Michael AJ, Martin C. 2004. Engineering plants with increased levels of the antioxidant chlorogenic acid. Nature Biotechnology 22:746−54 doi: 10.1038/nbt966 |
| [54] |
Ye J, Han W, Deng P, Jiang Y, Liu M, et al. 2019. Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes related to chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Eucommia ulmoides. Trees 33(5):1373−84 doi: 10.1007/s00468-019-01865-y |
| [55] |
Bamba T, Murayoshi M, Gyoksen K, Nakazawa Y, Okumoto H, et al. 2010. Contribution of mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways to polyisoprenoid biosynthesis in the rubber-producing plant Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 65:363−72 doi: 10.1515/znc-2010-5-608 |
| [56] |
Vranová E, Coman D, Gruissem W. 2012. Structure and dynamics of the isoprenoid pathway network. Molecular Plant 5:318−33 doi: 10.1093/mp/sss015 |
| [57] |
McGarvey DJ, Croteau R. 1995. Terpenoid metabolism. The Plant Cell 7(7):1015−26 doi: 10.2307/3870054 |
| [58] |
Chen X, Li J, Yang C, Fang X, Wang L. 2013. Biosynthesis and regulation of secondary terpenoid metabolism in plants. Scientia Sinica (Vitae) 43(12):1030−46 doi: 10.1360/052013-307 |
| [59] |
Wang L, Wuyun TN, Ye SJ. 2013. Analysis on gene differential expression in ripe and young fruits of Eucommia ulmoides by MVA pathway. Non-wood Forest Research 31(4):45−51 doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2013.04.010 |
| [60] |
Chen PL, Wu JY, He SA. 1992. The present status and conservation strategies for Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment 1(4):6−11 |
| [61] |
Deng JY, Li JQ, Huang HW. 2006. Discovery of an originally wild tree of Eucommia ulmoides by AFLP fingerprinting. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research 24(6):509−13 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0837.2006.06.005 |
| [62] |
Zhou SH, Li ZQ, Li Y. 2010. Variation of plus tree opening pollinated family of Eucommia ulmoides and primary selection of seedling. Journal of Northwest Forestry University 25(1):57−60 |
| [63] |
Wei YC, Li ZQ, Li Y, et al. 2012. Genetic analysis of morphological trait of Eucommia ulmoides hybrid offspring. Journal of Northwest A&F University 40(8):137−43 |
| [64] |
Mi YN, Zhang SH, Cai Y, Liang XJ, Jiang C, et al. 2015. Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of the Eucommia ulmoides germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 26(10):2507−9 |
| [65] |
Yao X, Deng J, Huang H. 2012. Genetic diversity in Eucommia ulmoides, an endangered traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Conservation Genetics 13(6):1499−507 doi: 10.1007/s10592-012-0393-3 |
| [66] |
Zhang BY, Zhang KJ, Wang YQ, Bai MS. 2003. The selection of fine germplasm regions and variant types of Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Northwest Forestry University 18(4):32−34 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2003.04.010 |
| [67] |
Hu DJ. 1952. The Eucommia ulmoides in Hunan province. Plant Physiology Communications 1952(2):26−27 |
| [68] |
Zhu JL, Du HY, Li FD, Zhao Y, Sun Z, et al. 2014. Leaf traits and active component content in three varieties of Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Northeast Forestry University 42(3):42−44 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5382.2014.03.010 |
| [69] |
Du HY, Sun XY, Du LY, Sun ZQ. 2005. Variation of gutta-percha content characteristics of leaves of Eucommia ulmoides in different areas. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 27(5):103−6 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2005.05.018 |
| [70] |
Du HY, Li FD, Du LY, Xie B. 2006. Difference of samara's form characters and gutta-percha content from different producing areas associated with Eucommia ulmoides. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 42(3):35−39 doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20060307 |
| [71] |
Tang SJ, Sheng N, Lu CG, et al. 1999. The contents of chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids of Eucommia ulmoides leaves among provenances. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment 8(1):59−60 |
| [72] |
Tang SJ, He SA, Sheng N, Li W. 2004. The content analysis of syringaresnol diglucoside and geniposidic acid in Eucommia ulmoides leaves of different provenances. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment 13(2):58−59 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2004.02.015 |
| [73] |
Zhang BY, Zhang KJ, Zhang T, Su YQ, Dong JE, et al. 2004. Researches on the selection and breeding of superior of Qingzhong 1-4. Journal of Northwest Forestry College 19(3):18−20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2004.03.006 |
| [74] |
Du HY, Zhang ZY, Liu BD, et al. 1994. Selection and breeding of five excellent clones of Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Northwest Forestry University 9(4):27−31 |
| [75] |
Du HY, Li FD, Li FT, Fu JM, Sun ZQ, et al. 2010. An elite variety for samara use: Eucommia ulmoides 'Huazhong No. 7'. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 46(9):186 |
| [76] |
Du QX, Liu PF, Wang L, Du LY, Sun ZQ, et al. 2024. 'Huazhong No. 23': a new cultivar of Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition) 48(1):257 doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204016 |
| [77] |
Zhu DY, Jiang JH, Pei DQ, et al. 1997. Plant regeneration from dry mature seed's endosperm of Eucommia ulmoides. Chinese Science Bulletin 42(5):559−560 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1997.05.032 |
| [78] |
Zhang HL, Li JH, Li ZQ. 2008. Studies on polyploidy induction in vitro of Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Northwest Forestry University 23(1):78−81 |
| [79] |
Zhang HF, Guo BL, Zhang CH, Yang JX, Guo J, et al. 2008. Induction and identification of tetraploids in Eucommia ulmoides. Acta Horticulturae Sinica 35(7):1047−1052 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2008.07.016 |
| [80] |
Gao P, Lin W, Kang XY. 2004. Pollen chromosome doubling of Eucommia ulmoides induced by colchicine. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 26(4):39−42 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2004.04.008 |
| [81] |
Mao YK, Zhang PD, Shi L, et al. 2013. The optimum conditions for inducing 2n pollen chromosome doubling by high temperature in Eucommia ulmoides. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 35(1):53−58 |
| [82] |
Li Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Yang J, Kang X. 2016. Induction of unreduced megaspores in Eucommia ulmoides by high temperature treatment during megasporogenesis. Euphytica 212(3):515−24 doi: 10.1007/s10681-016-1781-4 |
| [83] |
Li Y, Geng X, Song L, Kang X. 2024. Chromosome doubling of embryo sac induced by high temperature for selective breeding of triploid in Eucommia ulmoides. Molecular Plant Breeding 16(17):5743−51 doi: 10.13271/j.mpb.016.005743 |
| [84] |
Li Y, Yang J, Song L, Qi Q, Du K, et al. 2019. Study of variation in the growth, photosynthesis, and content of secondary metabolites in Eucommia triploids. Trees 33(8):817−26 doi: 10.1007/s00468-019-01818-5 |