| [1] |
Chayanov AV. 1986. The theory of peasant economy, eds Thorner D, Hoselitz B, Smith REF. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press |
| [2] |
Sen AK. 1962. An aspect of Indian agriculture. Economic Weekly 14(4−6):243−46 |
| [3] |
Mazumdar D. 1965. Size of farm and productivity: a problem of Indian peasant agriculture. |
| [4] |
Hanumantha Rao CH. 1966. Alternative explanations of the inverse relationship between farm size and output per acre in India. Indian Economic Review 1(2):1−12 |
| [5] |
Bardhan PK. 1973. Size, productivity, and returns to scale: an analysis of farm-level data in Indian agriculture. |
| [6] |
Bhalla SS, Roy P. 1988. Mis-specification in farm productivity analysis: the role of land quality. |
| [7] |
Savastano S, Scandizzo PL. 2017. Farm size and productivity: a "direct-inverse-direct" relationship. Policy Research Working Paper 8127. World Bank, Washington, DC doi: 10.1596/1813-9450-8127 |
| [8] |
Muyanga M, Jayne TS. 2019. Revisiting the farm size-productivity relationship based on a relatively wide range of farm sizes: evidence from Kenya. |
| [9] |
Sheng Y, Ding J, Huang J. 2019. The relationship between farm size and productivity in agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 101(3):790−806 |
| [10] |
Gautam M, Ahmed M. 2019. Too small to be beautiful? The farm size and productivity relationship in Bangladesh. |
| [11] |
Chattopadhyay M, Sengupta A. 1998. Farm size and productivity: a new look at the old debate revisited. Economic and Political Weekly 33:A113−A116 |
| [12] |
Chand R, Lakshmi Prasanna PA, Singh A. 2011. Farm size and productivity: understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods. Economic and Political Weekly 46:5−11 |
| [13] |
Bhalla GS, Alagh YK. 1979. Performance of Indian agriculture: a districtwise study. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers. 239 pp |
| [14] |
Desiere S, Jolliffe D. 2018. Land productivity and plot size: is measurement error driving the inverse relationship? |
| [15] |
Ayaz M, Mughal M. 2024. Farm size and productivity: the role of family labor. |
| [16] |
Paltasingh KR, Goyari P. 2018. Impact of farmer education on farm productivity under varying technologies: case of paddy growers in India. |
| [17] |
Helfand SM, Taylor MPH. 2021. The inverse relationship between farm size and productivity: Refocusing the debate. |
| [18] |
Otsuka K, Liu Y, Yamauchi F. 2016. The future of small farms in Asia. |
| [19] |
Ameye H, Bachewe FN, Minten B, Tamru S. 2025. Farm size and agricultural productivity of nutritious foods: evidence from Ethiopia. |
| [20] |
Gorain S, Kuriachen P, Kumar CV, Suresh A. 2024. Land degradation and its impact on agricultural productivity: the case of India. |
| [21] |
Deng X, Peng J, Wan C. 2024. The impact of Internet use on land productivity: evidence from China land economy survey. |
| [22] |
Yaqoob N, Ali SA, Kannaiah D, Khan N, Shabbir MS, et al. 2023. The effects of agriculture productivity, land intensification, on sustainable economic growth: a panel analysis from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan economies. |
| [23] |
Gollin D, Rogerson R. 2021. Structural change and the farm size-productivity relationship. Agricultural Economics 52(3):485−503 |
| [24] |
Jayne TS, Muyanga M, Wineman A. 2020. The changing farm size-productivity relationship in sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural Economics 51(5):653−67 |
| [25] |
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare. n.d. State of Indian Agriculture 2015−16. Accessed from https://desagri.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/State_of_Indian_Agriculture2015-16.pdf |
| [26] |
Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Ministry of Agriculture & farmers Welfare. 2020. Decrease in agricultural holdings. https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspxrelid=199780#:~:text=As%20per%20the%20latest%20information,1.08%20hectares%20in%202015%2D16 (Cited May 08, 2025) |
| [27] |
Gulati A, Roy R, Hussain S. 2021. Performance of agriculture in punjab. In Revitalizing Indian Agriculture and Boosting Farmer Incomes, eds Gulati A, Roy R, Saini S. Singapore: Springer. pp. 77−112 doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-9335-2_4 |
| [28] |
Gulati A, Juneja R. 2021. Institutional innovations in accessing land, water, farm machinery and extension services in Indian agriculture. From Food Scarcity to Surplus. Singapore: Springer. pp. 227−68 doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-9484-7_7 |
| [29] |
Yadav IS, Rao MS. 2024. Agricultural credit and productivity of crops in India: field evidence from small and marginal farmers across social groups. |
| [30] |
Baruah S, Mohanty S, Rola AC. 2022. Small Farmers Large Field (SFLF): a synchronized collective action model for improving the livelihood of small farmers in India. |
| [31] |
Shah SS, van Dam J, Singh A, Kumar S, Kumar S, et al. 2025. Impact of irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide management practices on groundwater and soil health in the rice–wheat cropping system—a comparison of conventional, resource conservation technologies and conservation agriculture. |
| [32] |
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Plot level summary data under the cost of cultivation scheme https://eands.da.gov.in/Plot-Level-Summary-Data.htm |
| [33] |
Benoit K. 2011. Linear regression models with logarithmic transformations. London School of Economics 22:23−36 |
| [34] |
Wollburg P, Bentze T, Lu Y, Udry C, Gollin D. 2023. Agricultural productivity growth in Africa: new evidence from microdata. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 10447. The World Bank. |
| [35] |
Jarantow SW, Pisors ED, Chiu ML. 2023. Introduction to the use of linear and nonlinear regression analysis in quantitative biological assays. |
| [36] |
Heltberg R. 1998. Rural market imperfections and the farm size-productivity relationship: evidence from Pakistan. |
| [37] |
Sahoo P, Mishra S. 2020. Revisiting the inverse productivity-size relationship in Indian agriculture: a meta-analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review 33(1):1−12 |
| [38] |
Kumar A, Singh KM, Sinha S. 2018. Technical efficiency of rice cultivation in Bihar: a district level analysis. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 73(3):365−77 |
| [39] |
Mishra AK, Kumar A, Joshi PK, D'Souza A. 2021. Impact of land fragmentation on productivity: evidence from rice farmers in Odisha, India. Land Use Policy 103:105316 |
| [40] |
Rahman S. 2010. Determinants of crop choice decisions of smallholders in Bangladesh: a farm-level analysis. The Journal of Developing Areas 44(1):165−82 |
| [41] |
Carletto C, Savastano S, Zezza A. 2013. Fact or artifact: the impact of measurement errors on the farm size-productivity relationship. |
| [42] |
DasGupta R, Shaw R, Basu M. 2018. Implication and management of coastal salinity for sustainable community livelihood: case study from the Indian Sundarban Delta. In Coastal Management, eds Krishnamurthy RR, Jonathan MP, Srinivasalu S, Glaeser B. US: Academic Press. pp. 251−69 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-810473-6.00013-3 |
| [43] |
Barrett CB, Bellemare MF, Hou JY. 2010. Reconsidering conventional explanations of the inverse productivity–size relationship. |
| [44] |
van der Ploeg JD. 2010. The peasantries of the twenty-first century: the commoditisation debate revisited. |
| [45] |
Eswaran M, Kotwal A. 1986. Access to capital and agrarian production organisation. |
| [46] |
Singh S. 2018. Changing agrarian relations in Punjab: a study of the impact of neoliberal policies. Journal of Land and Rural Studies 6(2):162−78 |
| [47] |
Bhalla GS, Singh G. 2020. Economic liberalisation and Indian agriculture: a state-level analysis. Economic and Political Weekly 44:34−44 |
| [48] |
Foster AD, Rosenzweig MR. 2011. Are there too many farms in the world Labor market transaction costs, machine capacities, and optimal farm size. Working Paper, No. 17008. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) www.nber.org/papers/w17008 |
| [49] |
Kumar A, Singh DK, Kumar P. 2019. Impact of farm size on productivity and efficiency in wheat cultivation: evidence from Haryana. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 89(3):556−60 |
| [50] |
Sidhu RS, Vatta K, Lall U. 2020. Enhancing water productivity in Punjab agriculture: A socio-technical approach. |