Adlassnig K-P, Kolarz G, Scheithauser G, Effenberger W and Grabner G, 1985. “CADIAG: approaches to computer-assisted medical diagnosis” Comp. Biol. Med.15315–335.

Aït-Kaci H and Podelski A, 1993. “Towards a meaning of life” J. Logic Programming16195–234.

Aït-Kaci H and Nasser R, 1986. “LOGIN: A logic programming language with built-in inheritance” J. Logic Programming3185–215.

Besnard P.1989. An Introduction to Default Logic. Springer-Verlag.

Bezem M.1986. “Consistency of rule-based expert systems” In: Lusk E and Overbeek R (eds) Proceedings 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction151–161, Springer-Verlag.

Bratko I, Mozetiĉ I and Lavraĉ N, 1989. KARDIO: A Study in Deep and Qualitative Knowledge for Expert Systems. MIT Press.

Buchanan BG, and Shortliffe EH, 1984. Rule-based Expert Systems: the MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. Addison-Wesley.

Bylander T, Allemang D, Tanner MC and Josephson JR, 1992. “The computational complexity of abduction” In: Brachman RJ, Levesque HJ and Reiter R (eds) Knowledge Representation25–60, MIT Press.

Chang CL and Lee RCT, 1973. Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem Proving. Academic Press.

Charniak E and McDermott D, 1985. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. Addison-Wesley.

Clancey WJ, 1985. “Heuristic classification” Artificial Intelligence27289–350.

Clark DA, Fox J, Glowinski AJ and O'Neil MJ, 1990. “Symbolic reasoning for decision making” In: Borcherding K, OI Larichev and Messick DM (eds) Contemporary Issues in Decision Making57–75, Elsevier.

Cohen PR, 1985. Heuristic Reasoning about Uncertainty: An Artificial Intelligence Approach. Pitman.

Coiera EW, 1990. “Monitoring diseases with empirical and model-generated histories” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine2135–147.

Coiera EW, 1992. “The qualitative representation of physical systems” The Knowledge Engineering Review17(1) 55–77.

Console L, Dupré DT and Torasso P, 1989. “A theory of diagnosis for incomplete causal models” In: Proceedings 10th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence1311–1317.

Console L and Torasso P, 1990a. “Hypothetical reasoning in causal models” International Journal of Intelligent Systems583–124.

Console L and Torasso P, 1990b. “Integrating models of correct behaviour into abductive diagnosis” In: Proceedings of ECAI'90160–166.

Console L and Torasso P, 1991a. “A spectrum of logical definitions of model-based diagnosis” Computational Intelligence7(3) 133–141.

Console L and Torasso P, 1991b. “On the co-operation between abductive and temporal reasoning in medical diagnosis” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine3(3) 291–311.

Das SK, Clarke M and Fox J, 1993. “A logic for reasoning about safety in decision support systems” In: 2nd European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty Granada.

Van Denneheuvel, S, Van Emde Boas, P, De Geus, F and Rotterdam E, 1990. “RL, a language for constraint solving” In: Logic Programming and Database ProcessingComputer Science in the Netherlands.

Dicbas M, Van Hentenryck, P, Simonis H, Aggoun A, Graft T and Berthier F, 1988. “The constraint logic programming language CHIP” In: Proceedings of the International Conference in Fifth Generation Computer SystemsTokyo, Japan.

De Dombal FT, Dallos V and McAdam WA, 1991. “Can computer-aided teaching packages improve clinical care in patients with acute abdominal pain?” British Medical Journal3021495–1497.

Duda RO, Hart PE and Nilsson NJ, 1976. “Subjective Bayesian methods for rule-based inference systems” In: AFIPS Conference Proceedings of the 1976 National Computer Conference451075–1082.

Ehrig H and Mahr B, 1985. Fundamentals of Algebraic Specification I: Equations and Initial Semantics Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science 6, Springer-Verlag.

Ehrig H and Mahr B, 1990. Fundamentals of Algebraic Specification II: Module Specifications and Constraints Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science 21, Springer-Verlag.

First MB, Weimer BJ, McLinden S and Miller RA, 1982. “LOCALIZE: computer-assisted localization of peripheral nervous system lesions” Computers and Biomedical Research15525–543.

Fox J, 1993. “On the soundness and safety of expert systems” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine5159–179.

Fox J, Clark DA, Glowinski A and O'Neil MJ, 1990. “Using predicate logic to integrate qualitative reasoning and classical decision theory” IEEE Transactions on Systems, man, and Cybernetics20347–357.

Fox J, Gordon C, Glowinski AJ and O'Neil M, 1990. “Logic engineering for knowledge engineering: the Oxford System of Medicine” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine2323–339.

Futatsugi K, Goguen JA, Jouannaud JP and Meseguer J, 1985. “Principles of OBJ2” In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages52–66, ACM.

Genesereth MR and Nilsson NJ, 1987. Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.

De Geus F, Rotterdam E, Van Denneheuvel S and Van Emde Boas P, 1991. “Physiological modelling using RL” In: Stefanelli M, Hasman A, Fieschi M and Talmon J (eds) AIME91: Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics198–210, Springer-Verlag.

Grodins FS, 1963. Control Theory and Biological Systems. Columbia University Press.

Hammond P, Davenpor JC and Fitzpatrick FJ, 1993. “Logic-based integrity constraints and the design of dental prostheses” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine5(5) 431–446.

Hammond P, Harris AL, Das KS and Wyatt JC, 1994. “Safety and decision support in oncology” Meth. Inf Med.33(4) 371–381.

Hammond P, and Davenport JC, 1995. “Eliciting and modelling the design knowledge of multiple experts” submitted for publication.

Hammond P and Sergot M, 1995. “Computer support for protocol-based treatment of cancer” J. Logic Programming, to appear.

Van Harmelen F, 1991. Meta-level Inference Systems. Pitman.

Van Harmelen F and Balder J, 1992. “(ML)2: a formal language for KADS models of expertise” Knowledge Acquisition4127–161.

Hill PM and Lloyd JW, 1994. The Gödel Programming Language. MIT Press.

Hayes PJ, 1979. “The logic of frames” In: Metzing D (ed) Frame Conception and Text Understanding 46–61, Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin.

Van Hentenryck P, 1991. “Constraint logic programming” The Knowledge Engineering Review6(3) 151–194.

Hickam DH, Shortliffe EH and Bishoff MB, 1985. “The treatment advice of a computer-based cancer chemotherapy protocol advisor” Annals of Internal Medicine103928–936.

Hrycej T, 1993. “A temporal extension of Prolog” J. Logic Programming16114–145.

Huang J, Fox J, Gordon C and Jackson-Smale A, 1993. “Symbolic decision support in medical care” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine5(5) 415–430.

Jaffar J and Lassez J-L, 1987. “Constraint Logic Programming” In: Proceedings of the 14th POPL111–119.

Jaffar J and Maher MJ, 1994. “Constraint logic programming: a survey” J.Logic Programming19503–581.

Jaspers RBM, 1990. Medical Decision Support: an Approach in the Domain of Brachial Plexus Injuries PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology.

Josephson JR and Josephson SG, 1994. Abductive Inference: Computation, Philosophy, Technology. Cambridge University Press.

O'Keefe RM, Balci O and Smith EP, 1987. “Validating expert system performance” IEEE Expert481–89.

Kim JH and Pearl J, 1983. “A computational model for causal and diagnostic reasoning in inference systems” In: Proceedings 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 190–193, Karlsruhe.

De Kleer J, Mackworth AK and Reiter R, 1992. “Characterizing diagnosis and systems” Artificial Intelligence56197–222.

Konolige K, 1992. “Using default and causal reasoning in diagnosis” In: Proceedings Workshop on Principles of Knowledge Representation and ReasoningBoston.

Kowalski RA, 1979. Logic for Problem Solving. North-Holland.

Kowalski RA and Sergot MJ, 1986. “A logic-based calculus of events” New Generation Computing4(1) 67–95.

Kowaiski RA, 1990. “Problems and promises of computational logic” In: Lloyd JW (ed) Computational Logic, 1–35, Springer-Verlag.

Krause P and Glowinski A, 1993. “Formal specification and medical decision support” Applied Artificial Intelligence7237–256.

Krause P, Ambler S, Elvang-Coransson M and Fox J, 1995. “A logic of argumentation for reasoning under uncertainty” Computational Intelligence11, to appear.

Kuipers BJ, 1986. “Qualitative simulation” Artificial Intelligence29289–388.

Kuipers BJ, 1994. Qualitative Reasoning. MIT Press.

Kulikowski CA and Weiss SM, 1982. “Representation of expert knowledge for consultation: the CASNET and EXPERT projects” In: Szolovits P (ed) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 21–55, Westview Press, Boulder, Co.

Lloyd JW, 1987. Foundations of Logic Programming, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag.

Łukaszewicz W, 1990. Non-monotonic Reasoning: Formalization of Commonsense Reasoning. Ellis Horwood.

Lucas PJF and Van der Gaag LC, 1991. Principles of Expert Systems. Addison-Wesley.

Lucas PJF and Janssens AR, 1991. “Development and validation of HEPAR, an expert system for the diagnosis of disorders of the liver and biliary tract” Medical Informatics16259–270.

Lucas PJF, 1993. “The representation of medical reasoning models in resolution-based theorem provers” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine5(5) 395–414.

Maes P and Nardi D, 1988. Meta-level Architectures and Reflection. North-Holland.

Macartney FJ, 1988. “Diagnostic logic” In: Philips C (ed) Logic in Medicine British Medical Journal, London.

McCabe FG, 1992. Logic and Objects. Prentice-Hall.

Miller AM, Pople HE and Myers JD, 1982. “INTERNIST-I, an experimental computer-based diagnostic consultant for general internal medicine” New England Journal of Medicine307468–476.

McCune WW, 1990. OTTER 2.0 Users' Guide. Report ANN-88/44, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois.

Morik K, Potamias G, Moustakis V and Charissis G, 1993. “Model-based learning support to knowledge acquisition: a clinical case study” In: Andreassen S (ed) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine434–439, IOS Press.

Moser W and Adlassnig K-P, 1992. “Consistency checking of binary categorical relationships in a medical knowledge base” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine4389–407.

Muggleton S, 1992. “Inductive logic programming” In: Muggleton S (ed) Inductive Logic Programming3–27, Academic Press.

Patil RS, Szolovits P and Schwartz WB, 1992. “Modelling knowledge of the patient in acid-base and electrolyte disorders” In: Szolovits P (ed) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine191–226, Westview Press, Boulder Co.

Pearl J, 1988. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems. Morgan Kaufmann.

Peng Y and Reggia JA, 1990. Abductive Inference Models for Diagnostic Problem Solving. Springer-Verlag.

Pople HE, 1973. “On the mechanization of abductive logic” In: Proceedings 3rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Pople HE, 1977. “The formation of composite hypotheses in diagnostic problem solving: an exercise in synthetic reasoning” In: Proceedings 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Pople HE, 1982. “Heuristic methods for imposing structure on ill-structured problems: the structuring of medical diagnosis” In: Szolovits P (ed) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine119–190, Westview Press, Boulder Co.

Reggia J, 1978. “A production system for neurological localization” In: Proceedings 2nd Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care254–260.

Reiter R, 1978. “On closed world databases” In: Gallaire H and Minker J (eds) Logic and Databases. Springer-Verlag.

Reiter R, 1987. “A theory of diagnosis from first principle” Artificial Intelligence3257–95.

Shachter RD, 1986. “Evaluating influence diagrams” Operation Research34(6) 871–882.

Shortliffe EH, 1991. “Knowledge-based systems in medicine” In: Adlassnig K-P, Grabner G, Bengtsson S and Hansen R (eds) Medical Informatics Europe 19915–9, Springer-Verlag.

Shortliffe EH and Buchanan BG, 1975. “A model of inexact reasoning in medicine” Mathematical Biosciences23351–379.

Smets P, Mamdani A, Dubois D and Prade H (eds) 1988. Non-Standard Logics for Automated Reasoning. Academic Press.

Sommer A, Emde W, Kietz J-U and Wrobel S, 1994. MOBAL 3.0 User Guide, German National Research Centre for Computer Science (GMD), Al Research Division 13.KI, St. Augustin.

Soper P, Ranaboldo C and Abeysinghe G, 1991. “A temporal model for clinical and resource management in vascular surgery” In: Karagiannis D (ed) Database and Expert Systems Applications. 549–552, Springer-Verlag.

Spivey JM, 1989. The Z Notation: A Reference Manual. Prentice Hall.

Sterling L and Shapiro E, 1986. The Art of Prolog. MIT Press.

Stickel M, 1986. “An introduction to automated deduction” In: Bibel W and Jorrand Ph (eds) Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence75–132, Springer-Verlag.

Stickel M, 1988. “A Prolog technology theorem prover: implementation by an extended Prolog compiler” J. Automated Reasoning4(4) 353–380.

Todd BS, 1994. “A probablistic simulation model to assist the localization of nerve lesions” Medical Informatics19(3) 209–227.

Torasso P and Console L, 1989. Diagnostic Problem Solving: Combining Heuristic, Approximate and Causal Reasoning. North Oxford Academic Publishers.

Touretzky DS, 1986. The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems. Pitman.

Tuhrim S, Reggia J and Goodall S, 1991. “An experimental study of criteria for hypothesis plausibility” J. Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence3129–144.

Turner R, 1984. Logics for Artificial Intelligence. Ellis Horwood.

Weyhrauch RW, 1980. “Prolegomena to a theory of mechanized formal reasoning” Artificial Intelligence13133–170.

Wos L, Overbeek R, Lusk E and Boyle J, 1992. Automated Reasoning: Introduction andApplications, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall.

Wos L, 1988. Automated Reasoning: 33 Basic Research Problems. Prentice-Hall.

Wrobel S, 1990. Application of MOBAL to the Medical Domains of ICS/FORTH. Technical Note, GMD, P2154/31/l/

TD Wu, 1991. “A problem decomposition method for efficient diagnosis and interpretation of multiple disorders” Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine35239–250.

Wyatt J and Spiegelhalter DJ, 1990. “Evaluating medical expert systems: what to test for and how?” Medical Informatics15(3) 205–217