[1]

Rico D, Martín-Diana AB, Barat JM, Barry-Ryan C. 2007. Extending and measuring the quality of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 18:373−386

doi: 10.1016/j.jpgs.2007.03.011
[2]

Wu Y, Duan S, Zhao L, Gao Z, Luo M, et al. 2016. Aroma characterization based on aromatic series analysis in table grapes. Scientific Reports 6:31116

doi: 10.1038/srep31116
[3]

Sellami IH, Bettaieb I, Bourgou S, Dahmani R, Limam F, et al. 2012. Essential oil and aroma composition of leaves, stalks and roots of celery ( Apium graveolens var. dulce) from Tunisia. Journal of Essential Oil Research 24:513−521

doi: 10.1080/10412905.2012.728093
[4]

Guo L, Huang L, Cheng X, Gao Y, Zhang X, et al. 2022. Volatile flavor profile and sensory properties of vegetable soybean. Molecules 27:939

doi: 10.3390/molecules27030939
[5]

Xia Y, Li MY, Wadood SA, Hong HJ, Liu Y, et al. 2024. Identification of volatile and flavor metabolites in three varieties of broccoli sprouts. Food Chemistry: X 24:101862

doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101862
[6]

Wei S, Xiao X, Wei L, Li L, Li G, et al. 2021. Development and comprehensive HS-SPME/GC–MS analysis optimization, comparison, and evaluation of different cabbage cultivars ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) volatile components. Food Chemistry 340:128166

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128166
[7]

Baky MH, Shamma SN, Xiao J, Farag MA. 2022. Comparative aroma and nutrients profiling in six edible versus nonedible cruciferous vegetables using MS based metabolomics. Food Chemistry 383:132374

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132374
[8]

Nadella KD, Marla SS, Kumar PA. 2012. Metabolomics in agriculture. Omics 16:149−159

doi: 10.1089/omi.2011.0067
[9]

Khalil MNA, Fekry MI, Farag MA. 2017. Metabolome based volatiles profiling in 13 date palm fruit varieties from Egypt via SPME GC–MS and chemometrics. Food Chemistry 217:171−181

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.089
[10]

Li J, Zheng W, Zhou W, Wang Z, Hu J, et al. 2024. Characterization of volatile aroma compounds in pak choi. Food Chemistry: X 23:101766

doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101766
[11]

Park S, Kim HW, Joo Lee C, Kim Y, Sung J. 2024. Profiles of volatile sulfur compounds in various vegetables consumed in Korea using HS-SPME-GC/MS technique. Frontiers in Nutrition 11:1409008

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409008
[12]

Liu W, Qiang W, Xu K, Yang X. 2011. Volatile compounds identification in a local cultivar of non-heading chinese cabbage with solid phase micro-extraction and GC-MS. The 3rd Conference on Key Technology of Horticulture, Shenyang, China, 17−18 December, 2011. China: Chinese Horticultural Society. pp. 322−325 www.allconfs.org/mobile/index.asp?id=1501
[13]

Nkuimi Wandjou JG, Sut S, Giuliani C, Fico G, Papa F, et al. 2019. Characterization of nutrients, polyphenols and volatile components of the ancient apple cultivar 'Mela Rosa Dei Monti Sibillini' from Marche region, central Italy. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 70:796−812

doi: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1580684
[14]

Pedroza MA, Zalacain A, Lara JF, Salinas MR. 2010. Global grape aroma potential and its individual analysis by SBSE–GC–MS. Food Research International 43:1003−1008

doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.01.008
[15]

Guo R, Yu F, Wang C, Jiang H, Yu L, et al. 2021. Determination of the volatiles in fermented bamboo shoots by head space – solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography – olfactory – mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Analytical Letters 54:1162−1179

doi: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1795667
[16]

Ge S, Chen Y, Ding S, Zhou H, Jiang L, et al. 2020. Changes in volatile flavor compounds of peppers during hot air drying process based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100:3087−3098

doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10341
[17]

Xu BG, Zhang M, Bhandari B, Cheng XF, Islam MN. 2015. Effect of ultrasound-assisted freezing on the physico-chemical properties and volatile compounds of red radish. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 27:316−324

doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.014
[18]

Chen H, Yang X, Jiang S, Wang X. 2004. Suzhou local specialty variety-fragrant green vegetables. Shanghai Vegetables 5:22−23 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1469.2004.05.012
[19]

Wu C. 2008. Component factors of flavor quality and genetic effects of some factors in Chinese cabbage. PhD Dissertation. Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China. www.dissertationtopic.net/doc/1551943

[20]

Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. 2014. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30:2114−2120

doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170
[21]

Li Y, Liu GF, Ma LM, Liu TK, Zhang CW, et al. 2020. A chromosome-level reference genome of non-heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris [syn. Brassica rapa] ssp. chinensis). Horticulture Research 7:212

doi: 10.1038/s41438-020-00449-z
[22]

Kim D, Langmead B, Salzberg SL. 2015. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nature Methods 12:357−360

doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3317
[23]

Trapnell C, Williams BA, Pertea G, Mortazavi A, Kwan G, et al. 2010. Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation. Nature Biotechnology 28:511−515

doi: 10.1038/nbt.1621
[24]

Roberts A, Trapnell C, Donaghey J, Rinn JL, Pachter L. 2011. Improving RNA-Seq expression estimates by correcting for fragment bias. Genome Biology 12:R22

doi: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-3-r22
[25]

Anders S, Pyl PT, Huber W. 2015. HTSeq—a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. Bioinformatics 31:166−169

doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu638
[26]

Anders S, Huber W. 2012. Differential expression of RNA-Seq data at the gene level – the DESeq package. Heidelberg, Germany: European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). 24 pp. https://dmrocke.ucdavis.edu/Class/BST226.2014.Winter/DESeq%20Pkg.pdf
[27]

Kanehisa M, Araki M, Goto S, Hattori M, Hirakawa M, et al. 2008. KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment. Nucleic Acids Research 36:D480−D484

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkm882
[28]

Pertea M, Pertea GM, Antonescu CM, Chang TC, Mendell JT, et al. 2015. StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads. Nature Biotechnology 33:290−295

doi: 10.1038/nbt.3122
[29]

Ghosh S, Chan CK. 2016. Analysis of RNA-Seq data using TopHat and cufflinks. Methods in Molecular Biology 1374:339−361

doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3167-5_18
[30]

Wieczorek MN, Jeleń HH. 2019. Volatile compounds of selected raw and cooked Brassica vegetables. Molecules 24:391

doi: 10.3390/molecules24030391
[31]

Oh J, Cho IH. 2021. The aroma profile and aroma-active compounds of Brassica oleracea (kale) tea. Food Science and Biotechnology 30:1205−1211

doi: 10.1007/s10068-021-00962-4
[32]

Marcinkowska M, Frank S, Steinhaus M, Jeleń HH. 2021. Key odorants of raw and cooked green kohlrabi ( Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69:12270−12277

doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04339
[33]

Šamec D, Urlić B, Salopek-Sondi B. 2019. Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala) as a superfood: review of the scientific evidence behind the statement. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59:2411−2422

doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1454400
[34]

Yang H, Hu J, Chen M, Lan M, He J. 2025. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed mechanisms underlying vernalization-induced bolting in two contrasting genotypes of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 34:969−983

doi: 10.1007/s13562-025-01000-8
[35]

Kuang L, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Lv H, et al. 2025. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses offer new insights into bolting time regulation in broccoli. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26:3726

doi: 10.3390/ijms26083726
[36]

Xue Q, Gai Y, Zou Y, Guo Y, Ji N, et al. 2025. Transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis revealed the effects mechanism of preharvest arginine spraying on carbohydrate and energy metabolism in postharvest broccoli. Food Bioscience 64:105961

doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.105961
[37]

Wei X, Du Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Yang S, et al. 2024. Comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the defense mechanism of Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) against Plasmodiophora brassicae infection . International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25:10440

doi: 10.3390/ijms251910440
[38]

Liu Z, Fu Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Han J, et al. 2023. The high-quality sequencing of the Brassica rapa 'XiangQingCai' genome and exploration of genome evolution and genes related to volatile aroma. Horticulture Research 10:uhad187

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad187
[39]

Liu Y, Ren G, Deng B, Di J, Wang Y. 2023. Unveiling the mechanisms of aroma metabolism in selenium-treated broccoli through transcriptome sequencing analyses. Scientia Horticulturae 314:111930

doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2023.111930
[40]

Ishida M, Hara M, Fukino N, Kakizaki T, Morimitsu Y. 2014. Glucosinolate metabolism, functionality and breeding for the improvement of brassicaceae vegetables. Breeding Science 64:48−59

doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.64.48
[41]

Ibrahim RM, Eltanany BM, Pont L, Benavente F, ElBanna SA, et al. 2023. Unveiling the functional components and antivirulence activity of mustard leaves using an LC-MS/MS, molecular networking, and multivariate data analysis integrated approach. Food Research International 168:112742

doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112742
[42]

Wieczorek MN, Majcher M, Jeleń H. 2020. Comparison of three extraction techniques for the determination of volatile flavor components in broccoli. Foods 9:398

doi: 10.3390/foods9040398
[43]

Hong SJ, Yoon S, Lee J, Jo SM, Jeong H, et al. 2022. A comprehensive study for taste and odor characteristics using electronic sensors in broccoli floret with different methods of thermal processing. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 46:e16435

doi: 10.1111/jfpp.16435
[44]

Reich M, Aghajanzadeh T, Helm J, Parmar S, Hawkesford MJ, et al. 2017. Chloride and sulfate salinity differently affect biomass, mineral nutrient composition and expression of sulfate transport and assimilation genes in Brassica rapa. Plant and Soil 411:319−332

doi: 10.1007/s11104-016-3026-7
[45]

Xiao Z, Lu Y, Zou Y, Zhang C, Ding L, et al. 2022. Gene identification, expression analysis and molecular docking of ATP sulfurylase in the selenization pathway of Cardamine hupingshanensis. BMC Plant Biology 22:491

doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03872-7
[46]

Nazar R, Umar S, Khan NA. 2015. Exogenous salicylic acid improves photosynthesis and growth through increase in ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and S assimilation in mustard under salt stress. Plant Signaling & Behavior 10:e1003751

doi: 10.1080/15592324.2014.1003751
[47]

Aghajanzadeh TA, Prajapati DH, Burow M. 2020. Differential partitioning of thiols and glucosinolates between shoot and root in Chinese cabbage upon excess zinc exposure. Journal of Plant Physiology 244:153088

doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153088
[48]

Wang H, Zong C, Bai A, Yuan S, Li Y, et al. 2022. Transcriptome sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses provide insights into β-caryophyllene biosynthesis in Brassica campestris. Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences 5:100129

doi: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100129