[1]

Mesa T, Munné-Bosch S. 2023. α-Tocopherol in chloroplasts: nothing more than an antioxidant? Current Opinion in Plant Biology 74:102400

doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102400
[2]

Athanasiadis V, Chatzimitakos T, Kotsou K, Kalompatsios D, Bozinou E, et al. 2023. Polyphenol extraction from food (by) products by pulsed electric field: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24:15914

doi: 10.3390/ijms242115914
[3]

Müller M, Munné-Bosch S. 2015. Ethylene response factors: a key regulatory hub in hormone and stress signaling. Plant Physiology 169:32−41

doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00677
[4]

Sadiq M, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F, Ahmad P. 2019. Alpha-tocopherol-induced regulation of growth and metabolism in plants under non-stress and stress conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 38:1325−1340

doi: 10.1007/s00344-019-09936-7
[5]

Kukri A, Rossi M, Freschi L, Czékus Z, Poór P. 2025. Phytohormonal regulation of α-tocopherol in plants. Plant Stress 18:101032

doi: 10.1016/j.stress.2025.101032
[6]

Vidi PA, Kanwischer M, Baginsky S, Austin JR, Csucs G, et al. 2006. Tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) localization and vitamin E accumulation in chloroplast plastoglobule lipoprotein particles. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281:11225−11234

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M511939200
[7]

Norris SR, Shen X, Della Penna D. 1998. Complementation of the Arabidopsis pds1 mutation with the gene encoding p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Plant Physiology 117:1317−1323

doi: 10.1104/pp.117.4.1317
[8]

Gutbrod K, Römer J, Dörmann P. 2019. Phytol metabolism in plants. Progress in Lipid Research 74:1−17

doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.002
[9]

Collakova E, Della Penna D. 2003. Homogentisate phytyltransferase activity is limiting for tocopherol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 131:632−642

doi: 10.1104/pp.015222
[10]

Cheng Z, Sattler S, Maeda H, Sakuragi Y, Bryant DA, et al. 2003. Highly divergent methyltransferases catalyze a conserved reaction in tocopherol and plastoquinone synthesis in cyanobacteria and photosynthetic eukaryotes. The Plant Cell 15:2343−2356

doi: 10.1105/tpc.013656
[11]

Porfirova S, Bergmüller E, Tropf S, Lemke R, Dörmann P. 2002. Isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant lacking vitamin E and identification of a cyclase essential for all tocopherol biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99:12495−12500

doi: 10.1073/pnas.182330899
[12]

Shintani D, Della Penna D. 1998. Elevating the vitamin E content of plants through metabolic engineering. Science 282:2098−2100

doi: 10.1126/science.282.5396.2098
[13]

Ali E, Hussain S, Hussain N, Kakar KU, Shah JM, et al. 2022. Tocopherol as plant protector: an overview of tocopherol biosynthesis enzymes and their role as antioxidant and signaling molecules. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 44:20

doi: 10.1007/s11738-021-03350-x
[14]

Ma J, Qiu D, Pang Y, Gao H, Wang X, et al. 2020. Diverse roles of tocopherols in response to abiotic and biotic stresses and strategies for genetic biofortification in plants. Molecular Breeding 40:18

doi: 10.1007/s11032-019-1097-x
[15]

Chen G, Zheng D, Feng N, Zhou H, Mu D, et al. 2022. Physiological mechanisms of ABA-induced salinity tolerance in leaves and roots of rice. Scientific Reports 12:8228

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11408-0
[16]

Nambara E, Marion-Poll A. 2005. Abscisic acid biosynthesis and catabolism. Annual Review of Plant Biology 56:165−185

doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144046
[17]

Wasilewska A, Vlad F, Sirichandra C, Redko Y, Jammes F, et al. 2008. An update on abscisic acid signaling in plants and more. Molecular Plant 1:198−217

doi: 10.1093/mp/ssm022
[18]

Weiner JJ, Peterson FC, Volkman BF, Cutler SR. 2010. Structural and functional insights into core ABA signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13:495−502

doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.09.007
[19]

Chen H, Ruan J, Chu P, Fu W, Liang Z, et al. 2020. AtPER1 enhances primary seed dormancy and reduces seed germination by suppressing the ABA catabolism and GA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seeds. The Plant Journal 101:310−323

doi: 10.1111/tpj.14542
[20]

Kao CH. 2014. Role of abscisic acid in abiotic stress tolerance in rice. Crop, Environment & Bioinformatics 11:57−64

[21]

Perez-Gil J, Behrendorff J, Douw A, Vickers CE. 2024. The methylerythritol phosphate pathway as an oxidative stress sense and response system. Nature Communications 15:5303

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49483-8
[22]

Ghassemian M, Lutes J, Chang HS, Lange I, Chen W, et al. 2008. Abscisic acid-induced modulation of metabolic and redox control pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 69:2899−2911

doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.09.020
[23]

Buchner O, Stoll M, Karadar M, Kranner I, Neuner G. 2015. Application of heat stress in situ demonstrates a protective role of irradiation on photosynthetic performance in Alpine plants. Plant, Cell & Environment 38:812−826

doi: 10.1111/pce.12455
[24]

Kreszies V, Hoppe N, Gutbrod K, Dörmann P. 2025. Regulation of tocopherol (vitamin E) biosynthesis by abscisic acid-dependent and -independent pathways during abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Planta 261:94

doi: 10.1007/s00425-025-04670-9
[25]

Munné-Bosch S, Falara V, Pateraki I, López-Carbonell M, Cela J, et al. 2009. Physiological and molecular responses of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in a drought-resistant Mediterranean shrub, Cistus creticus exposed to water deficit. Journal of Plant Physiology 166(2):136−145

doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.02.011
[26]

Ameztoy K, Sánchez-López ÁM, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Almagro G, et al. 2021. Proteostatic regulation of MEP and shikimate pathways by redox-activated photosynthesis signaling in plants exposed to small fungal volatiles. Frontiers in Plant Science 12:637976

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637976
[27]

Chaudhary N, Khurana P. 2009. Vitamin E biosynthesis genes in rice: molecular characterization, expression profiling and comparative phylogenetic analysis. Plant Science 177:479−491

doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.07.014
[28]

Quadrana L, Almeida J, Otaiza SN, Duffy T, Corrêa da Silva JV, et al. 2013. Transcriptional regulation of tocopherol biosynthesis in tomato. Plant Molecular Biology 81:309−325

doi: 10.1007/s11103-012-0001-4
[29]

Reeves WM, Lynch TJ, Mobin R, Finkelstein RR. 2011. Direct targets of the transcription factors ABA-Insensitive(ABI)4 and ABI5 reveal synergistic action by ABI4 and several bZIP ABA response factors. Plant Molecular Biology 75:347−363

doi: 10.1007/s11103-011-9733-9
[30]

Jiang J, Chen Z, Ban L, Wu Y, Huang J, et al. 2017. PHYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE from Medicago sativa is involved in vitamin E biosynthesis and abscisic acid-mediated seed germination. Scientific Reports 7:40625

doi: 10.1038/srep40625
[31]

Tewari K, Kumar V, Kumar A, Bansal N, Vinutha T, et al. 2018. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the promoter of γ-Tocopherol Methyl Transferase (γ-TMT) gene of soybean (Glycine max). 3 Biotech 8:325

doi: 10.1007/s13205-018-1347-3
[32]

Ellouzi H, Ben Hamed K, Cela J, Müller M, Abdelly C, et al. 2013. Increased sensitivity to salt stress in tocopherol-deficient Arabidopsis mutants growing in a hydroponic system. Plant Signaling & Behavior 8:e23136

doi: 10.4161/psb.23136
[33]

Wang Y, Gu J, Zeng Q, Li X, Han Y, et al. 2024. HaVTE1 confers ABA insensitivity by blocking the ABA signaling pathway in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Industrial Crops and Products 222:119850

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119850
[34]

Zinsmeister J, Lalanne D, Terrasson E, Chatelain E, Vandecasteele C, et al. 2016. ABI5 is a regulator of seed maturation and longevity in legumes. The Plant Cell 28:2735−2754

doi: 10.1105/tpc.16.00470
[35]

Ding P, Ding Y. 2020. Stories of salicylic acid: a plant defense hormone. Trends in Plant Science 25:549−565

doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.004
[36]

Kusajima M, Fujita M, Nishiuchi T, Nakashita H, Asami T. 2021. Induction of tocopherol biosynthesis through heat shock treatment in Arabidopsis. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85:502−509

doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa053
[37]

Stahl E, Hartmann M, Scholten N, Zeier J. 2019. A role for tocopherol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis basal immunity to bacterial infection. Plant Physiology 181:1008−1028

doi: 10.1104/pp.19.00618
[38]

Chan C. 2022. Progress in salicylic acid-dependent signaling for growth–defense trade-off. Cells 11:2985

doi: 10.3390/cells11192985
[39]

ten Hoopen P, Hunger A, Müller A, Hause B, Kramell R, et al. 2007. Immunomodulation of jasmonate to manipulate the wound response. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:2525−2535

doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm122
[40]

Yoshida Y, Sano R, Wada T, Takabayashi J, Okada K. 2009. Jasmonic acid control of GLABRA3 links inducible defense and trichome patterning in Arabidopsis. Development 136:1039−1048

doi: 10.1242/dev.030585
[41]

Del Buono D. 2021. Can biostimulants be used to mitigate the effect of anthropogenic climate change on agriculture? It is time to respond. Science of the Total Environment 751:141763

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141763
[42]

Gala R, Mita G, Caretto S. 2005. Improving α-tocopherol production in plant cell cultures. Journal of Plant Physiology 162:782−784

doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.04.010
[43]

Antognoni F, Faudale M, Poli F, Biondi S. 2009. Methyl jasmonate differentially affects tocopherol content and tyrosine amino transferase activity in cultured cells of Amaranthus caudatus and Chenopodium quinoa. Plant Biology 11:161−169

doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00110.x
[44]

Caretto S, Nisi R, Paradiso A, De Gara L. 2010. Tocopherol production in plant cell cultures. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 54:726−730

doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900397
[45]

Manavella PA, Dezar CA, Bonaventure G, Baldwin IT, Chan RL. 2008. HAHB4, a sunflower HD-Zip protein, integrates signals from the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways during wounding and biotic stress responses. The Plant Journal 56:376−388

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03604.x
[46]

Almeida J, Asís R, Molineri VN, Sestari I, Lira BS, et al. 2015. Fruits from ripening-impaired, chlorophyll-degraded and jasmonate-insensitive tomato mutants have altered tocopherol content and composition. Phytochemistry 111:72−83

doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.11.007
[47]

Zeng Z, Jia Y, Huang X, Chen Z, Xiang T, et al. 2023. Transcriptional and protein structural characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes in barley, wheat, and oat. BMC Plant Biology 23:528

doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04535-x
[48]

Allu AD, Simancas B, Balazadeh S, Munné-Bosch S. 2017. Defense-related transcriptional reprogramming in vitamin E-deficient Arabidopsis mutants exposed to contrasting phosphate availability. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:1396

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01396
[49]

Dan M, Huang M, Liao F, Qin R, Liang X, et al. 2018. Identification of ethylene-responsive miRNAs and their targets from newly harvested banana fruits using high-throughput sequencing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66:10628−10639

doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01844
[50]

Sun M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wong MW, et al. 2019. Rapid and visual detection and quantitation of ethylene released from ripening fruits: the new use of Grubbs catalyst. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67:507−513

doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05874
[51]

Husain T, Fatima A, Suhel M, Singh S, Sharma A, et al. 2020. A brief appraisal of ethylene signaling under abiotic stress in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior 15:1782051

doi: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1782051
[52]

Fujimoto T, Abe H, Mizukubo T, Seo S. 2021. Phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll, induces root-knot nematode resistance in Arabidopsis via the ethylene signaling pathway. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 34:279−285

doi: 10.1094/MPMI-07-20-0186-R
[53]

Surówka E, Potocka I, Dziurka M, Wróbel-Marek J, Kurczyńska E, et al. 2020. Tocopherols mutual balance is a key player for maintaining Arabidopsis thaliana growth under salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 156:369−383

doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.008
[54]

Meza SLR, de Castro Tobaruela E, Pascoal GB, Magalhães HCR, Massaretto IL, et al. 2022. Induction of metabolic changes in amino acid, fatty acid, tocopherol, and phytosterol profiles by exogenous methyl jasmonate application in tomato fruits. Plants 11(3):366

doi: 10.3390/plants11030366
[55]

Rivero Meza SL, de Castro Tobaruela E, Benedetti Pascoal G, Louro Massaretto I, Purgatto E. 2021. Post-harvest treatment with methyl jasmonate impacts lipid metabolism in tomato pericarp (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. grape) at different ripening stages. Foods 10(4):877

doi: 10.3390/foods10040877
[56]

Dolgikh VA, Pukhovaya EM, Zemlyanskaya EV. 2019. Shaping ethylene response: the role of EIN3/EIL1 transcription factors. Frontiers in Plant Science 10:1030

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01030
[57]

Chen Z, Gallie DR. 2015. Ethylene regulates energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching in Arabidopsis through repression of the xanthophyll cycle. PLoS One 10:e0144209

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144209
[58]

Du M, Spalding EP, Gray WM. 2020. Rapid auxin-mediated cell expansion. Annual Review of Plant Biology 71:379−402

doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-073019-025907
[59]

Sereflioglu S, Dinler BS, Tasci E. 2017. Alpha-tocopherol-dependent salt tolerance is more related with auxin synthesis rather than enhancement of antioxidant defense in soybean roots. Acta Biologica Hungarica 68:115−125

doi: 10.1556/018.68.2017.1.10
[60]

Yu X, Li J, Bie Y, Cheng X, Zheng Q, et al. 2025. GmGGDR gene confers abiotic stress tolerance and enhances vitamin E accumulation in Arabidopsis and soybeans. Agronomy 15:351

doi: 10.3390/agronomy15020351
[61]

Almeida J, Quadrana L, Asís R, Setta N, de Godoy F, et al. 2011. Genetic dissection of vitamin E biosynthesis in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 62:3781−3798

doi: 10.1093/jxb/err055
[62]

Su L, Diretto G, Purgatto E, Danoun S, Zouine M, et al. 2015. Carotenoid accumulation during tomato fruit ripening is modulated by the auxin-ethylene balance. BMC Plant Biology 15:114

doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0495-4
[63]

Alharby HF, Alzahrani YM, Rady MM. 2020. Seeds pretreatment with zeatins or maize grain-derived organic biostimulant improved hormonal contents, polyamine gene expression, and salinity and drought tolerance of wheat. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 24:714−724

doi: 10.17957/ijab/15.1491
[64]

Mansouri H, Asrar Z, Amarowicz R. 2011. The response of terpenoids to exogenous gibberellic acid in Cannabis sativa L. at vegetative stage. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33:1085−1091

doi: 10.1007/s11738-010-0636-1
[65]

Du X, Hussain N, Li Z, Chen X, Hua S, et al. 2015. Effect of gibberellin on the biosynthesis of tocopherols in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and Arabidopsis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63:360−369

doi: 10.1021/jf505312c
[66]

Sharma A, Kumar V, Thukral AK, Bhardwaj R. 2016. Epibrassinolide-imidacloprid interaction enhances non-enzymatic antioxidants in Brassica juncea L. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 21:70−75

doi: 10.1007/s40502-016-0203-x
[67]

El-Mashad AA, Mohamed HI. 2012. Brassinolide alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant activity of cowpea plants (Vigna sinensis). Protoplasma 249:625−635

doi: 10.1007/s00709-011-0300-7
[68]

Biesaga-Kościelniak J, Dziurka M, Ostrowska A, Mirek M, Kościelniak J, et al. 2014. Brassinosteroid improves content of antioxidants in seeds of selected leguminous plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science 8:378−388

[69]

Emamverdian A, Khalofah A, Pehlivan N, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Li Y, et al. 2024. Exogenous application of jasmonates and brassinosteroids alleviates lead toxicity in bamboo by altering biochemical and physiological attributes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31:7008−7026

doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-31549-7
[70]

Kwon M, Choe S. 2005. Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and dwarf mutants. Journal of Plant Biology 48:1−15

doi: 10.1007/bf03030559
[71]

Muñoz P, Munné-Bosch S. 2019. Vitamin E in plants: biosynthesis, transport, and function. Trends in Plant Science 24:1040−1051

doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.08.006
[72]

Hornbergs J, Montag K, Loschwitz J, Mohr I, Poschmann G, et al. 2023. SEC14-GOLD protein PATELLIN2 binds IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 linking root iron uptake to vitamin E. Plant Physiology 192:504−526

doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac563
[73]

Montag K, Hornbergs J, Ivanov R, Bauer P. 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of plant multi-domain SEC14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and structure–function properties of PATELLIN2. Plant Molecular Biology 104:665−678

doi: 10.1007/s11103-020-01067-y