Department of Cultural Technology and Communications, Intelligent Systems Lab, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100Lesvos, Greece, e-mail: kotis@aegean.gr"/> Department of Digital Systems, AI Lab, Gr. Lampraki 126, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece, e-mail: georgev@unipi.gr"/> Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of the Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece, e-mail: dspiliot@uop.gr"/>
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2020 Volume 35
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RESEARCH ARTICLE   Open Access    

Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations

  • Department of Cultural Technology and Communications, Intelligent Systems Lab, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100Lesvos, Greece, e-mail: kotis@aegean.gr

  • Department of Digital Systems, AI Lab, Gr. Lampraki 126, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece, e-mail: georgev@unipi.gr

  • Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of the Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece, e-mail: dspiliot@uop.gr

More Information
  • Abstract: The aim of this critical review paper is threefold: (a) to provide an insight on the impact of ontology engineering methodologies (OEMs) to the evolution of living and reused ontologies, (b) to update the ontology engineering (OE) community on the status and trends in OEMs and of their use in practice and (c) to propose a set of recommendations for working ontologists to consider during the life cycle of living, evolved and reused ontologies. The work outlined in this critical review paper has been motivated by the need to address critical issues on keeping ontologies alive and evolving while these are shared in wide communities. It is argued that the engineering of ontologies must follow a well-defined methodology, addressing practical aspects that would allow (sometimes wide) communities of experts and ontologists to reach consensus on developments and keep the evolution of ontologies ‘in track’. In doing so, specific collaborative and iterative tool-supported tasks and phases within a complete and evaluated ontology life cycle are necessary. This way the engineered ontologies can be considered ‘shared, commonly agreed and continuously evolved “live” conceptualizations’ of domains of discourse. Today, in the era of Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs, it is more necessary than ever not to neglect to consider the recommendations that OEMs explicitly and implicitly introduce and their implications to the evolution of living ontologies. This paper reports on the status of OEMs, identifies trends and provides recommendations based on the findings of an analysis that concerns the impact of OEMs to the status of well-known, widely used and representative ontologies.
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    Konstantinos I. Kotis, George A. Vouros, Dimitris Spiliotopoulos. 2020. Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations. The Knowledge Engineering Review 35(1), doi: 10.1017/S0269888920000065
    Konstantinos I. Kotis, George A. Vouros, Dimitris Spiliotopoulos. 2020. Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations. The Knowledge Engineering Review 35(1), doi: 10.1017/S0269888920000065
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RESEARCH ARTICLE   Open Access    

Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations

  • Department of Cultural Technology and Communications, Intelligent Systems Lab, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100Lesvos, Greece, e-mail: kotis@aegean.gr

  • Department of Digital Systems, AI Lab, Gr. Lampraki 126, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece, e-mail: georgev@unipi.gr

  • Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of the Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece, e-mail: dspiliot@uop.gr

  • Received: 23 February 2019
  • Revised: 05 January 2020
  • Accepted: 05 January 2020
  • Published online: 31 January 2020
The Knowledge Engineering Review  35,  2020, 35(1)  |  Cite this article

Abstract: Abstract: The aim of this critical review paper is threefold: (a) to provide an insight on the impact of ontology engineering methodologies (OEMs) to the evolution of living and reused ontologies, (b) to update the ontology engineering (OE) community on the status and trends in OEMs and of their use in practice and (c) to propose a set of recommendations for working ontologists to consider during the life cycle of living, evolved and reused ontologies. The work outlined in this critical review paper has been motivated by the need to address critical issues on keeping ontologies alive and evolving while these are shared in wide communities. It is argued that the engineering of ontologies must follow a well-defined methodology, addressing practical aspects that would allow (sometimes wide) communities of experts and ontologists to reach consensus on developments and keep the evolution of ontologies ‘in track’. In doing so, specific collaborative and iterative tool-supported tasks and phases within a complete and evaluated ontology life cycle are necessary. This way the engineered ontologies can be considered ‘shared, commonly agreed and continuously evolved “live” conceptualizations’ of domains of discourse. Today, in the era of Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs, it is more necessary than ever not to neglect to consider the recommendations that OEMs explicitly and implicitly introduce and their implications to the evolution of living ontologies. This paper reports on the status of OEMs, identifies trends and provides recommendations based on the findings of an analysis that concerns the impact of OEMs to the status of well-known, widely used and representative ontologies.

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    Acknowledgments

    • The authors would like to acknowledge the significant contribution of the engineers of the SOs, as well as the authors of their related papers, who actively participated in this review by contributing their feedback on the description of their ontology used for the presented analysis. Specifically, the authors acknowledge the contribution of the following contributors and their collaborating ontologists/authors: Yannis Tzitzikas, John Breslin, Vincenzo Maltese, Antoine Zimmermann, Pascale Gaudet, Armin Haller, Milen Yankulov, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Mcgibbney Lewis, Antonio de Nikola, Francesco Osborne, Mauro Dragoni, Evangelos Katis, Felipe Arakaki and Oscar Corcho.

    • In addition, we acknowledge the significant contribution of the respectful reviewers, experts in OE, for their valuable comments and suggestions.

    • http://www.geonames.org/

    • https://wordnet.princeton.edu/

    • http://multiwordnet.fbk.eu

    • https://www.google.com/docs/about/

    • cso.kmi.open.ac.uk

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    • This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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    Cite this article
    Konstantinos I. Kotis, George A. Vouros, Dimitris Spiliotopoulos. 2020. Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations. The Knowledge Engineering Review 35(1), doi: 10.1017/S0269888920000065
    Konstantinos I. Kotis, George A. Vouros, Dimitris Spiliotopoulos. 2020. Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations. The Knowledge Engineering Review 35(1), doi: 10.1017/S0269888920000065
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